Detailed explanation of the development history of batteries

The history of battery development ranges from the birth of the Daniel battery in 1836 to the invention of lead-acid batteries in 1859, the invention of silver oxide batteries in 1883, the commercialization of batteries in 1888, the invention of nickel-cadmium batteries in 1899, and the invention of 1901. After the nickel-iron battery entered the 20th century, battery theory and technology were in a period of stagnation. But after World War II, battery technology entered a period of rapid development. First, in order to meet the requirements of heavy-duty applications, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries were developed, and nickel-cadmium batteries were sealed in 1951. In 1958, Harris proposed the use of organic electrolyte as the electrolyte of lithium primary batteries, and it was realized for military and civilian use in the early 1970s. Later, based on environmental protection considerations, the research focus shifted to batteries. After the nickel-cadmium battery was commercialized in the early 20th century, it developed rapidly in the 1980s. With the increasing awareness of people's environmental protection, the use of toxic metals such as lead and cadmium is increasingly restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to find new rechargeable batteries that can replace traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. Lithium batteries have naturally become one of the strong candidates. Around 1990, the lithium battery was invented. In 1991, lithium batteries were commercialized. The polymer lithium battery was invented in 1995 and commercialized in 1999 (using gel polymer electrolyte as the separator and electrolyte). The range of use of batteries in modern society has evolved from flashlights, radios, cars, and motorcycles in the 1940s to 40-50 uses today. As small as electronic watches, CD players, mobile phones, MP3, MP4, cameras, video cameras, various remote controls, shaving knives, pistol drills, children's toys, etc. From emergency power sources such as hospitals, hotels, supermarkets, telephone exchanges, etc., electric tools, tugs, trailers, forklifts, wheelchairs, golf carts, electric bicycles, electric vehicles, batteries for wind power stations, missiles, and submarines And military batteries such as torpedoes. There are also special batteries that can meet various special requirements. Batteries have become an essential and convenient energy source for human society. The history of battery development in my country: my country's first battery factory was born in Shanghai in 1911. In 1921, the first professional battery factory-Shanghai Battery Factory was also built in Shanghai. In 1941, the Telecommunication Material Factory of the Third Bureau of the Central Military Commission of Yan'an began processing zinc-manganese dry batteries and repairing lead-acid batteries. In 1957, the Chemical Power Research Laboratory of the Electrical Materials Bureau of the Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering was established. In 1958, it became the first professional research institute in my country, the former Chemical Power Research Institute of the First Ministry of Machinery (the former Tianjin Power Research Institute of the Ministry of Electronics Industry). In 1960, my country's first alkaline storage battery factory, Fengyun Equipment Factory, was formally accepted and put into production in Xinxiang, Henan. In the early 1990s, the country started the 863 key research, which enabled the rapid development of Ni-MH battery processing. In the future, the country has begun to focus on lithium battery 863, hoping to promote the localization of lithium batteries and their materials. The necessity of my country's development of lithium battery processing: As far as my country's current battery industry is concerned, the major problems that exist are serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. Regarding environmental pollution, due to the low degree of automation and mechanization of my country's battery industry, many companies mostly operate manually, resulting in a lot of pollution during the processing process and great harm to workers. The dry battery industry was once dubbed as a polluting company and a black industry. These pollutants mainly include MnO2 powder, HgO, asphalt smoke, smoke, paraffin smoke, etc. Among them, mercury is the most concerned and highly toxic heavy metal, and a very small amount of mercury is very toxic to the human body. At present, developed countries have announced a ban on the processing and import of mercury batteries since 1994. At present, most manufacturers in my country still process mercury batteries. Important pollutants in the lead-acid battery industry include Pb, Pbo dust, acid mist and waste acid. Lead is also a more toxic heavy metal. Chronic lead poisoning is a major manifestation of current nervous system damage, renal dysfunction and anemia. The raw materials used in Cd-Ni batteries are mostly powdery, and there is also a problem of dust pollution; and Cd is more toxic and can accumulate in the kidneys and bones, causing renal dysfunction. In addition, the calcium in the bones is replaced by cadmium, which softens the bones and makes the pain unbearable. In addition, alkali mist and waste acid are also important pollutants. Zinc-manganese dry batteries often exhibit patina and slurries. There are always some MH-Ni batteries that will spray alkali or burst during use. A large proportion of lead-acid batteries are still old-fashioned open-ended batteries, and gas is still gassing during use. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet, please contact to delete if there is any infringement.