50 square centimeter peroxide solar module. The panel consists of a series of 14 series of 20% efficient peroxide cells, which can maintain 90% of the initial efficiency after 800 hours under thermal stress of 85 ° C.

An international team of researchers has used a novel doping strategy to design a peroxide-based solar module that they claim can achieve higher efficiency while maintaining significant operational stability compared to other peroxid-based devices.

Although peroxide solar cells appear to be on the road to mass production, interest in the technology has been dampened by concerns about the stability of the hole transport layer (HTL) and its sensitivity to atmospheric conditions.

The scientists say they were able to change the molecular weight (mW) of the hole-transport layer material (HTM) doped with polytriaromatic amine (PTAA). "The monotonous increase in power conversion efficiency as a function of mW is associated with similar increases in open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current (JSC), and fill factor (FF)," they explain. In this way, the charge mobility within the HTL and the charge transfer at the peroxide/HTL interface are added by an order of magnitude."

They stated that this improvement was achieved through the combined use of doping strategies and MW tuning to achieve pole dislocation on the polymer chain. Scientific research has pointed to the formation of poles in peroxide solar cells as a possible factor that makes the cells particularly efficient, although the mechanism behind the use of the poles is completely unknown. Poles are fast-changing distortions in the crystal lattice of a material's atoms that form around moving electrons and then disappear within trillionths of a second.

Based on the total effective area of 42.8 square centimeters and aperture area of 50 square centimeters, 14 series of 20% efficiency peroxide cells were connected in series to construct a panel with 17% efficiency. The addition of defocusing pole in the HMWPTAA layer not only contributes to the high efficiency of the device, but also has a positive effect on the underlying peroxide lattice, thus improving the overall stability of the device. The battery is said to maintain more than 90 percent of its initial efficiency after 1080 hours of thermal stress at 85 degrees Celsius, and 87 percent of its initial efficiency after 160 hours of exposure. The panel retains more than 90% of its initial efficiency after 800 hours of thermal stress at 85 ° C.

The module is described in Nano Energy in the paper "Stable perovskite-type solar modules achieve more than 17% through polaron alignment in the tunable polymer hole transport layer." The research team included scientists from the University of Torvergata in Rome, Italy; University College London and the University of Cambridge in the UK; and the Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Germany.