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After the implementation of the strong standard, the safety protection technology of power lithium battery becomes the new focus of competition for car manufacturers

After the implementation of the strong standard, the safety protection technology of power lithium battery becomes the new focus of competition for car manufacturers

2022-08-12

After the implementation of the strong standard, the safety protection technology of power lithium battery becomes the new focus of competition for car manufacturers

 

Recently, a number of car manufacturers have announced their latest ternary lithium ion battery safety protection technology, a time, "no fire", "no explosion" and even "no smoke" ternary lithium ion battery emerge in endlessly.

Major breakthroughs have been made in safety protection technology for ternary lithium ion batteries

On March 10, GAC Aian took the lead in announcing a new generation of power lithium battery safety technology - magazine battery system safety technology (hereinafter referred to as "magazine battery"). Based on "prevent short circuit batteries, after a short circuit, to prevent thermal runaway and prevent heat spreading after thermal runaway" design concept, magazine battery USES the design of similar security module, which can effectively block the spread of the thermal runaway batteries, when batteries are detected voltage or temperature anomalies, such as automatic start battery rapid cooling cooling system to cool the battery.

In order to verify the safety of the magazine battery, GAC Aian also published the test video from China Automotive Technology Research Center, which carried out the needling thermal diffusion test on the whole package of the ternary lithium ion battery equipped with the magazine battery system safety technology. The test results show that the whole pack of the magazine battery only briefly fumed 5 minutes after the thermal accident signal was sent out, and there was no fire or explosion.

On March 17, Lantu Automobile made a comprehensive interpretation of the three-yuan lithium ion battery pack carried by its first mass-production model Lantu Free in the form of online technology sharing. According to Lantu Automotive, the Lantu Free battery PACK has three important advantages: the first "three-dimensional insulation wall" technology, BMS's original battery safety monitoring and warning model, and the high safety battery PACK method. With the help of these three black technologies, the new battery pack will not smoke, catch fire or explode after being triggered out of control and sending out a thermal event alarm signal.

Following the lead of Lantu Automotive, R Automotive announced at the brand conference on March 18 that the R car is capable of achieving L0-class zero-thermal runaway management based on aero-class standards. Through cloud real-time monitoring, efficient and active early warning, we conduct cloud health examination for each power lithium battery, and control the thermal runaway probability of battery pack due to battery core problems within an infinite range close to zero, so as to prevent spontaneous combustion.

The results show that the ternary lithium ion battery is prone to thermal runaway fire in some extreme environments due to its poor thermal stability. However, compared with lithium ion iron phosphate battery with relatively high safety performance, ternary lithium ion battery is often used in high-end electric brands because of its high energy density, good low temperature performance, good rate characteristics and other characteristics. Therefore, how to achieve a balance between high performance and high safety of ternary lithium ion batteries has become the focus of industry research and development for many years.

And this time, whether it is GAC Aian magazine battery, or Lantu Free "no smoke, no fire, no explosion" battery, or R car L0 level zero thermal control management of non-spontaneous combustion battery, the OEMs in three lithium-ion battery safety protection technology can be said to have made a big breakthrough.

Multi-dimensional innovation, ternary lithium ion battery to reach the "three no" level

New energy battery research and development experts said that ternary lithium ion battery system to achieve "no fire", "no explosion" or even "no smoke", from the material, electrode, cell, system and other dimensions of innovative design and research and development.

The current implementation of the more mainstream path has two kinds, one is from batteries ontology, by adding the flame retardant material ontology property improvement, such as, let the batteries in extreme cases, changes in the middle of the body, such as heat absorption, surface passivation and block the expansion and the effect of the mechanical efficiency, etc., in order to realize the batteries not fire; Secondly, materials and designs such as aerogel are added at the module and system levels, so that even if an extreme situation occurs in one cell, the other cells will not be affected.

Taking GAC Aian magazine battery as an example, according to the official introduction, the battery pack is from the battery core material, battery structure, cooling system and battery management system four dimensions to improve the safety of power lithium battery.

Specifically, in terms of the cell material, the application of nanoscale coating and doping technology of cathode material improves the thermal stability of the cell and prevents thermal runaway; The application of new additives in electrolyte can realize the self-repair of SEI film and improve the life of the cell. High safety electrolyte can spontaneously polymerize at high temperature to form polymer film with high impedance characteristics, which can greatly reduce the heat generation of thermal runaway reaction. The application of these key technologies increases the heat resistance temperature of the cell by 30%.

In terms of the battery structure, through the mesh nanopore insulation material and the high temperature resistant upper shell, the super heat insulation safety cabin is formed to realize the thermal runaway of ternary lithium cell and not spread to the adjacent cell. The battery shell can withstand a temperature of more than 1400℃.

In terms of cooling system, the magazine battery achieves a 40% increase in heat dissipation area and 30% increase in heat dissipation efficiency through the design of fully fitted liquid cooling system, high-speed heat dissipation channel and highly accurate heat conduction path.

The battery management system adopts the latest generation of battery management system chip of the car standard, which can realize all-weather data acquisition 10 times per second, 100 times higher than the previous system, and monitor the battery state with 24-hour full-coverage full-time patrol mode.

With the help of the above four core technologies, the whole pack of magazine battery only briefly smoked, without fire or explosion, 5 minutes after the thermal accident signal was sent out during the test. GAC also said that magazine batteries are related to similar ordinary batteries, increasing their energy density by 9.4% by volume and 5.7% by weight, and reducing their cost by 10%. According to the plan, magazine batteries will be introduced in GAC's safety series this year.

In contrast, the protection technology of the Lantu Free battery pack can achieve "no smoke" while "no fire, no explosion". And the key to achieve this performance is the three black technology mentioned above: "three-dimensional insulation wall" technology; BMS battery safety monitoring and warning model; High security battery PACK method.

According to haze figure automobile new energy technology director Dr Huang, 3 d technology principle of heat insulation wall is inside the battery pack use super insulation flame retardant polymer materials, insulation materials will still be in commonly triggered after thermal runaway battery pack smoke or fire, three-dimensional heat insulation wall technology can do without thermal diffusion phenomenon), for each batteries to achieve individual all-round three-dimensional package. The three-dimensional insulation wall forms a highly efficient insulation and flame retardant protective layer between the electric core and the electric core. Each electric core is fully wrapped in the heat insulation and flame retardant material, shaped like "amber".

BMS battery safety monitoring and early warning model is based on BMS cloud guard for big data analysis and tracking, which can realize "thousands of cars, thousands of faces". It is reported that on the basis of the original temperature and voltage warning, the battery pack builds an accurate battery safety monitoring and warning big data model, which tracks the use data of each vehicle and each battery based on different use scenarios (such as plain and mountainous areas, temperature and humidity in the south and north, temperature difference between day and night at high and low elevations, etc.).

In addition, Lantu also adopts the high safety battery PACK method, which includes five battery safety structures: customized development of body protection, high strength frame, pressure transfer, deformable energy absorption and battery double safety.

In conclusion, the Lantu Free battery pack has made significant improvements in the areas of insulation, monitoring and bodywork, but there is no significant change in the battery material. It is reported that the Lantu Free battery pack electric version will be first shipped with the new battery pack, and shipped in the third quarter of this year.

After the implementation of the strong standard, the safety protection technology of power lithium battery becomes the new focus of competition for car manufacturers

The three strong standards for electric vehicles formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) can be dated back to May 12 last year, when many of the auto manufacturers have announced the latest safety protection technology for ternary lithium ion batteries.

On May 12, 2020, The three mandatory national standards (hereinafter referred to as the "three strong standards") formulated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are GB18384-2020 "Safety Requirements for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles", GB30381-2020 "Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles" and GB38032-2020 "Safety Requirements for Electric Bus" (hereinafter referred to as the "three strong standards") The Standardization Administration committee approved the announcement, and is scheduled to begin the implementation of January 1, 2021.

These three strong standard, the electric car battery safety requirements with dynamic is in the field of power li-ion batteries used in domestic electric cars the first compulsory standards, the standard in the optimization of battery monomer, module, safety requirements and at the same time, focus on strengthening the battery system thermal safety, mechanical safety, electrical safety and functional safety requirements, The test items cover system heat diffusion, external fire, mechanical impact, simulated collision, moisture and heat cycle, vibration water bubble, external short circuit, overheating and overcharging, etc.

Among them, it should be particularly pointed out that the standard adds a thermal diffusion test of the battery system, which requires that the battery system shall not fire or explode within 5 minutes after thermal runaway of a single battery, so as to reserve a safe escape time for occupants.

According to Wang Zidong, deputy secretary general of China Automobile Power Lithium-ion Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, who participated in the development of the standard, the original intention of the standard is to build a safety bottom line. As for the life safety of consumers, it was originally formulated to take 30 minutes, but later it was adjusted, and 5 minutes is the most basic baseline requirement. No matter what the battery system, from the safety point of view, this standard must be met.

In fact, before the formal implementation of the strong standard, in the "no fire" ternary lithium ion battery layout, related power lithium battery companies have already acted.

In October 2020, Ningde Times publicly stated that it has developed a "smoke only, no fire" ternary battery. Through high safety electrolyte, thermal expansion isolation technology, direct attack on the pain point of high energy density and high safety, it can ensure that the battery pack does not burn, even if a battery fire, the whole battery pack only smoke.

In December of the same year, Honeycomb Energy announced a systematic solution to thermal runaway on its Battery Day -- Cold Bee, which completely solves the thermal runaway problem of the battery system through the original technology at four levels: material, cell, battery pack and monitoring system.

Shinwanda also announced in 2020 that it has successfully developed a "smoke-only, fire-free" battery pack, which can pass the "heating trigger cell thermal runaway experiment", that is, after a single cell is triggered and thermal runaway occurs, the whole battery pack will only smoke but not fire.

On March 12 this year, as a new power of lithium-ion batteries, ling-pai new energy also announced the "four zero strategies", that is, zero risk, zero attenuation, zero anxiety, zero error. It is reported that Leadpai New Energy carries out innovative design and research and development from multiple dimensions, such as material, electrode, cell and system, so as to prevent thermal runaway and realize zero-risk and high-safety batteries. Its first product of high voltage medium nickel VDA355 cell module will be SOP this year.

Based on this, some analysts pointed out that with the formal implementation of strong targets, as well as the power lithium battery company's new technology support, entering 2021, power lithium battery safety protection technology will become a new point for vehicle manufacturers to compete in the field of new energy vehicles after continuing aviation, intelligence, 5G.

Summary: For a long time, when we heard of electric vehicle fire, spontaneous combustion and other accidents, the battery is often the first to be listed as the "culprit". Now, under the constraints of national strong standards, under the continuous breakthrough of new technology of power lithium battery companies, and under the strong focus and promotion of vehicle manufacturers, It is believed that "no fire", "no explosion", "no smoke" ternary lithium ion battery will become a reality from one label, and electric vehicle fire, spontaneous combustion accident will no longer exist.


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