The working principle and voltage of dry battery

Dry battery working principle Dry battery belongs to the primary battery in chemical power supply. It is a kind of disposable battery. Its carbon rod is used as the positive electrode and the zinc cylinder is used as the negative electrode, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy and supplies it to an external circuit. In the chemical reaction, because zinc is more active than manganese, zinc loses electrons and is oxidized, while manganese gets electrons and is reduced. Dry batteries are not only suitable for flashlights, semiconductor radios, tape recorders, cameras, electronic clocks, toys, etc., but also for various fields in the national economy such as national defense, scientific research, telecommunications, navigation, aviation, and medicine. Ordinary dry batteries are mostly manganese-zinc batteries, with a positive carbon rod in the middle, a mixture of graphite and manganese dioxide outsourcing, and a layer of fiber mesh on the outside. The net is coated with a thick electrolyte paste, which is composed of ammonia chloride solution and starch, and a small amount of preservatives. The important working principle of dry battery is that the oxidation-reduction reaction is realized in a closed circuit. The electrode reaction formula of alkaline zinc manganese dry battery is: Zn+2MnO2+2NH4Clu003dZnCl2++Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O. The cylinder made of metal zinc skin is the negative electrode. The discharge of the battery is the electrolysis reaction of ammonia chloride and zinc. The charge released is conducted by graphite to the positive electrode carbon rod. The electrolysis reaction of zinc will release hydrogen gas, and this gas will be renewed. Manganese dioxide mixed with graphite is used to increase the internal resistance of the battery to absorb hydrogen. However, if the battery continues to work or is used for too long, the manganese dioxide will be too late or nearly saturated and unable to absorb it. At this time, the battery will lose its use due to too much internal resistance and too little output current. What is the dry battery voltage? The nominal voltage of ordinary manganese-zinc batteries (or carbon batteries) is 1.5V, and new batteries will be higher, up to 1.55~1.6V. Dry batteries can be divided into carbon or alkaline. The no-load voltage of carbon dry batteries is 1.65V, and the no-load voltage of alkaline dry batteries is 1.63V. The actual load voltage is above 1.5V, so they are collectively referred to as 1.5V batteries. Dry battery voltage is divided into three types: standard voltage, open circuit voltage, and working voltage. Generally speaking, the voltage of an ordinary dry battery is generally 1.5V, which is the voltage standard of a standard dry battery. However, under special circumstances, the voltage of cadmium-nickel dry batteries and dry batteries that can be recharged with nickel-metal hydride is 1.2V. There is also a cylindrical dry battery. This dry battery is made using lithium atoms. The voltage of a lithium ion battery is 3.7V. There is also a dry battery made of lead storage. The voltage of this battery is 2V. Alkaline battery The alkaline battery marked model is LR6, and the voltage of a single battery is 1.5V. It is characterized by large capacity, which is generally 2 to 6 times that of ordinary batteries, and can be discharged at a large current. It is suitable for high-current electrical devices such as radio tape recorders and flashlights. The single battery voltage of the rechargeable battery is 1.1 or 1.2V. The battery marked with NICKEL-CADMlIUM is a nickel-cadmium battery, and the battery marked with NICKELMETALHYDRIDE (or NI-MH) is a nickel-metal hydride battery. The charging and discharging cycle of rechargeable batteries can reach 500~1500 times, and it can be discharged at a large current. The internal resistance changes little at the moment of discharge, and the resistance increases sharply at the end of the discharge. Among them, Ni-MH battery has no memory, and the current capacity is up to 2700mAh, so it is better than Ni-Cd battery, and its economy and excellent environmental performance will gradually replace alkaline batteries and Ni-Cd batteries. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous post: Detailed explanation of materials used to manufacture lithium-ion batteries