The performance characteristics of releasing from ion battery

Source: 2020 - 03 - 30 and clicks: ignore the potassium ion battery? In order to obtain the highest energy density, the top left corner of the periodic table of metallic lithium secondary battery of become the preferred. The extremely negative standard electrode potential ( - 3. 04v) Refers to the battery and the positive group after contact with high voltage output. Lithium is the lightest metal, which means it has a higher capacity. Energy = specific storage & times; Voltage, therefore the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is almost the highest in the battery. Lithium ion batteries have the advantages of small volume. Therefore, industrialization in the 1990 s has radically changed the smart phones, cameras, laptops and the category of the electric car. However, the development of lithium-ion batteries seem to meet the 'bottleneck', slow growth, the energy density costs down slowly, fast charging, temperature programming habits, more planning layout ( Electric vehicles, energy storage) And resources are facing challenges. So people have been looking for a new secondary battery technology to make up for the lack of lithium, sodium, and a lot of charging of magnesium, zinc and aluminium are now is an important research direction. High prices, however, magnesium, zinc, aluminum ion secondary battery research with high difficulty, its high price and the radius is less than the lithium closely with embedded anion adsorption and difficulties at home and the emergence of the crystal structure, and its strong effect of dissolving electrolyte ion channels in the process of embedding desolvation very hard also, so it is very slow. Sodium lithium reserves of nearly 1000 times, nature reserve near can draw lessons from the development of lithium ion battery and lithium technology and information system, will provide the most all of the battery system, both at home and abroad with the development of the pilot project has made some progress, especially by many fixed storage category may provide a powerful solution ( Energy density is slightly lower than lithium electricity) 。 Sodium and potassium ions associated with lithium ion abundance higher but received more attention in academic circles of sodium ion battery case, alkali brothers, one of the potassium ion battery was much less attention. Though as the main group elements is similar to sodium and potassium have similar reserves, but between the potassium sodium, the former seems more promising, lithium ion and sodium ion radius is closer to ( Potassium ion radius and quality) And, more importantly, hope to have a lot of information system directly to the influence of the development of lithium ion battery, if the low cost of sodium ion battery industrialization, also not far from the reserves, but with the same energy density data structure, become the potassium ion battery almost no need ( Don't have to be set, but in practice this case later) 。 But recently to sodium ion batteries and potassium ion battery experiments show that the impact of the potassium ion may be offset by some of its unique advantages. ( 1) The REDOX potential. As the first main group elements and three electrode potential is not in accordance with our general speculation that more and more negative (not from top to bottom Or simply lose electron) 。 Lithium - 3. 04 V。 Sodium - 2. 71 V。 K - 2. 93 V for the battery voltage is equal to the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes, sodium sodium ion battery of the data and negative electrode potential is not so 'negative' tend to have low voltage, and the potential of lithium, potassium more similar. Therefore, in terms of high pressure, potassium ion battery is expected to have the same advantages with lithium ion battery. ( 2) Graphite cathode embedding. Graphite as the top of the lithium ion battery cathode material, it should be copied to the sodium and potassium ion battery cathode, but the test results show that sodium ions can't embed the graphene, now sodium ion battery cathode materials, hard carbon is a major development direction, but its function and can't let people very satisfied, and the price is higher than that of graphite. Surprisingly, a larger radius of potassium ions can be embedded in the graphite, provide about 250 mah/g given [ 1, 2] 。 Potassium lithium and more similar. Charge and discharge curves of alkali metal ions in the graphite is different from the charge-discharge curves of hard carbon graphite anode. ( a) Liquid lithium ion and copper ion collection; ( b) Sodium, aluminum liquid collection; ( c) Potassium ion, collecting copper liquid; ( d) Potassium, aluminum collection.