The comparative advantages and disadvantages of lead-acid batteries

①Comparative performance advantages At present, the large-scale industrialized secondary batteries mainly include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium batteries. Nickel-cadmium batteries contain the highly toxic element cadmium, which has been gradually replaced by other batteries. Currently, the most widely used batteries on the market are lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries. Compared with other secondary batteries, lead-acid batteries must have the following comparative advantages: A. The longest time to realize industrialized processing, the most mature technology, stable performance, reliability, and good applicability; B. Use dilute sulfuric acid for electrolysis Liquid, non-flammable, the battery adopts normal pressure or low-voltage design, and has good safety; C. The working voltage is higher and the working temperature range is wide. It is suitable for high-rate discharge use such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV); D. Floating charge Use, excellent shallow charge and shallow discharge performance, suitable for uninterruptible power supply (UPS), new energy storage, grid peak shaving and valley filling; E. The large-capacity battery technology is mature and can be made into a battery of thousands of ampere hours. Large-scale energy storage supply is convenient. ②The advantages of cost comparison Lead-acid batteries are the cheapest secondary batteries, and the price per unit of energy is about 1/3 of that of lithium batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries. In addition, the key components of lead-acid batteries are lead and lead compounds. The lead content is as high as 60% of the total mass of the battery. The residual value of used batteries is relatively high, and the recycling price exceeds 30% of that of new batteries. Therefore, the overall cost of lead-acid batteries Lower. ③Comparative advantages of recycling. Lead-acid batteries are simple to pack, mature in recycling technology, and have high recycling value. They are the easiest battery to be recycled and reused. The global production of recycled lead has surpassed the production of virgin lead. The recycling rate of lead in used lead-acid batteries in the United States has exceeded 98.5%, and the recycling rate of used lead-acid batteries in my country has reached more than 90%. Nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium batteries are mostly small batteries with complex composition, high regeneration costs, and difficult recovery. It is difficult for the reprocessing industry to achieve market-oriented operations. At present, the global average recycling rate of the aforementioned batteries is less than 20%, especially for lithium batteries. Most countries have not yet achieved effective recycling and regeneration. (2) The shortcomings of lead-acid batteries ①The energy density is low. The mass and volume energy density of traditional lead-acid batteries are low. The energy density is only about 1/3 of that of lithium batteries, and about 1/2 of that of nickel-hydrogen batteries, and the volume is relatively small. Large, not suitable for use in occasions with light weight and small size. In the future, the energy density of lead-acid batteries still has much room for improvement, especially for lead-acid batteries that use new materials and technologies such as carbon foam. ②The cycle life is short. The cycle life of traditional lead-acid batteries is short, and the theoretical cycle number is about 1/3 of lithium batteries. There is still much room for improvement in the cycle life of lead-acid batteries, especially lead-acid batteries with new materials, new structures and new technologies, such as bipolar lead-acid batteries and lead-carbon batteries. ③The risk of lead pollution in the industry chain Lead is an important raw material for lead-acid batteries. Lead accounts for more than 60% of the battery quality. Lead-acid batteries worldwide account for more than 80% of the total lead consumption. Lead is a heavy metal, and the lead-acid battery manufacturing industry chain (including primary lead smelting, battery manufacturing, battery recycling, and secondary lead smelting) has a high risk of lead pollution. Poor management can cause environmental pollution and harm to human health. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: Detailed analysis of the actual use of lithium iron phosphate battery packs