The origin and development of lithium batteries

Lithium battery is a new type of high-energy battery developed in the 20th century. It can be understood as a battery containing lithium elements (including lithium metal, lithium alloy, lithium ion and lithium polymer), which can be divided into lithium metal batteries (less processing and applications) and lithium batteries (currently more applications). Due to its advantages such as high specific energy, high battery voltage, wide operating temperature planning, and long storage life, it is widely used in military and civilian small appliances such as mobile phones, portable computers, cameras, and video cameras, partially replacing traditional batteries. The origin and development of lithium batteries In the 1970s, ExxonMobil’s m.s. Watson used titanium sulfide as the positive electrode material and lithium metal as the negative electrode material to manufacture the first lithium battery. In 1980, J. Goodenough discovered that lithium cobalt oxide can be used as a cathode material for lithium batteries. In 1982, the mercury sphygmomanometer Argarwal and Sielman of the Illinois Institute of Technology discovered that lithium ions have the characteristic of intercalating graphite, which is a fast and reversible process. At the same time, lithium batteries are made of lithium metal, and their potential safety hazards have also attracted people's attention. Therefore, people have tested the use of lithium ions embedded in graphite to make rechargeable batteries. The first available lithium ion graphite electrode was successfully trial-produced by Bell Laboratories. In 1983, M. Hackeray and J. Gendenough et al. discovered that manganese spinel is an excellent anode material, which has the characteristics of low price, good stability, and good conductivity and lithium conductivity. Its differentiation temperature is high, and the oxidation degree is much lower than that of lithium cobalt oxide. Even if short circuit or overcharge occurs, it can prevent the danger of incineration and explosion. In 1989, a.a.thiram and j.g.ough discovered that if a positive electrode with a polymer anion is selected, a higher voltage will appear. In 1991, Sony introduced the first commercial lithium battery. Later, lithium batteries completely changed the face of consumer electronics. In 1996, Padhi and Goodenough discovered that phosphates with an olivine structure, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), were superior to traditional cathode materials and became the mainstream cathode materials. Lithium batteries are a development of lithium batteries. Before we talk about lithium ion, let's talk about lithium batteries. For example, button batteries are lithium batteries. The positive electrode of a lithium battery is manganese dioxide or thionyl chloride, and the negative electrode is lithium. After the battery is packed, the battery will have voltage, do not charge it. This kind of battery can also be charged, but the cycle function is not good. During the charging and discharging cycle, lithium dendrites are simply formed to form a short circuit inside the battery, so generally this kind of battery stops charging. Later, Japan’s Sony Corporation used carbon materials as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode for lithium batteries. During the charging and discharging process, there is no metal lithium or lithium ions. This is a lithium battery. In the early 1990s, Japan’s Sony Electric Power Development Company and Canada’s Morley Power Company developed a new type of lithium battery, which not only has excellent performance, but also has no pollution to the environment. With the rapid development of information technology, hand-held machinery and electric vehicles, the demand for high-efficiency power supplies has increased dramatically. The structure and principle of lithium batteries The important components of lithium batteries: (1) The positive electrode active material mainly refers to lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganese acid, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, etc. The conductive collecting liquid is generally used for aluminum foil with a thickness of 10-20 microns; the diaphragm is a special plastic film that allows lithium ions to pass through, but is also an electronic insulator. Now there are important PE and PP and their combination. There is an inorganic solid film, such as an alumina film coating, which is an inorganic solid film; (3) The negative electrode active material mainly refers to graphite, lithium titanate or carbon materials with a similar graphite structure. The conductive collecting liquid is generally copper foil with a thickness of 7-15 microns; (4) The electrolyte is generally organic, such as dissolved lithium hexafluorophosphate carbonate solvent, and some polymer batteries use gel electrolyte; (5) Important components of the battery shell Hard shell (steel shell, aluminum shell, nickel-plated iron shell, etc.) and soft shell (aluminum plastic film). Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete.