The correct use and maintenance of electric vehicle batteries

Lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles generally have a life span of 2 to 3 years, and the cost of battery replacement has become the largest expense in the use of electric vehicles. So how to properly maintain and use the battery, so as to extend the service life of the battery? 　　 1. Protect the charger in order to reduce costs: the current chargers basically have no vibration-resistant design, after the charger is vibrated, its internal potentiometer will drift , Make the parameter drift, cause the charging state to be abnormal. Therefore, the charger is generally not to be placed in the trunk and basket of the electric bicycle. When necessary, wrap the charger with foam to reduce vibration and bumps. Keep the charger ventilated when charging. 2. Frequent charging and early charging Many people think that charging the electric vehicle battery when it is not used up is bad for the battery. In fact, this misunderstanding is caused by the daily household nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries (such as mobile phone batteries). Its chemical composition structure and specific memory effect. Most electric vehicles use 'lead-acid batteriesWhen charging, these batteries generate lead oxide, while discharge is a reduction reaction to generate lead sulfate solution. When the battery tries to discharge and the lead sulfate concentration is too high, the battery is easily vulcanized, thereby reducing the capacity. The way to avoid this situation is to charge frequently and avoid high current discharge.　　 The vulcanization process began after the battery was discharged, and obvious vulcanization appeared after 12 hours. If it is not charged in time, these sulfide crystals will accumulate and gradually form coarse crystal particles. The general charger is powerless to these coarse crystals, and the battery capacity will decrease accordingly. Charging in time can remove non-serious vulcanization. Especially when the battery needs to be stored for a long time, it must be fully charged first and recharged regularly, usually every 1 to 2 months, to make the battery full as much as possible].　　3. Pay attention to the charging environment and avoid battery overheating　　Most chargers are designed according to the ambient temperature of 25℃, and charging at 25℃ is better. But in summer, if the temperature is too high, the battery will automatically open the valve to exhaust, which will cause the loss of water dispersion, increase the concentration of lead sulfate solution in the battery, and cause the battery to sulfide. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid exposure of the battery to the sun as much as possible. When charging, it is best to place the battery and charger in a ventilated environment to avoid long-term overcharging.　　 Special attention should be paid to the winter in the north. When the battery enters the room from the outside, condensation will appear on the surface of the battery. In order to avoid battery leakage caused by condensation, the battery should be recharged after the battery temperature rises to close to the indoor temperature and is dry.　　Four. Periodic deep discharge 　　 The battery is periodically deep discharged for one second, which is conducive to 'activating' the battery and can slightly increase the capacity of the battery. -The general method is to fully discharge the battery on a regular basis. The method of full discharge is to ride the bike under normal load conditions on a flat road to the first undervoltage protection. After the battery is under voltage protection for the first time, the voltage will rise after a period of time and return to a non-undervoltage state. At this time, if the battery is used again, the battery will be seriously damaged. The battery should be charged after it is fully discharged.　　5. Ride an electric bike correctly 　　 achieve slow start, slow acceleration, light load, constant speed. When high-current discharges, it is easy to cause instantaneous lead sulfate crystallization near the electrode, which not only causes the battery to age, but also consumes energy. Therefore, do not turn the 'switch' to the end when starting, try to avoid rapid acceleration and overloading. When riding, drive at a constant speed according to the road conditions. Don't walk on the roads with many people, traffic lights or bridges. Avoid braking for a while, accelerating for a while, and climbing for a while. When riding an electric bicycle with pedals, when starting, accelerating, going uphill, or headwind, try to use the pedals to help, or slow down the uterine movement speed to reduce the output power of the battery. The best state is to go out slowly and increase the second speed, keep the same speed on the road, release the 'switch' when approaching the destination, and use inertia to slow down the electric vehicle to the sun, which is the most energy-efficient . Of course, it is impossible to achieve such idealization in real life, so it is necessary for electric vehicle owners to choose an ideal environment as much as possible and maintain good driving habits, thereby reducing battery power loss and life damage. Previous: With the development of lithium battery technology, will lead-acid batteries be eliminated?