How to correctly recycle used lithium-ion batteries?

Lithium-ion batteries reuse the anode and cathode to collect liquid. Generally, aluminum foil is used for the anode and copper foil is used for the anode. You can also weld some nickel ribbons to connect. They are almost non-toxic. Now some waste lithium-ion battery recycling units are recycling these and steel shells and aluminum shells to make money. Label: Recyclable, no pollution. The cathode is usually graphite, some of which may be lithium titanate or silicon-based materials, of course there are tin-based cathodes, but it is too high-end, no one uses it now. Graphite is divided into natural graphite and artificial graphite. Natural graphite is derived from graphite ore. After some processing, natural graphite is mined. The pollution is still serious. The important thing is the damage to the respiratory tract, which can be searched. Artificial graphite is made of petroleum coke or pitch. High-temperature graphitization of high polymer, basically pollution-free. There are some methods for recovering graphite flotation in lithium ion batteries, but I don’t know how it is applied now, and it can definitely be recovered. The production process of lithium titanate is unclear. The silicon-based anode is basically pollution-free. Use the largest amount of graphite for evaluation. Label: Moderate pollution, recovery rate unknown. Positive electrode: The current positive electrode includes lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, ternary materials, lithium cobalt oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate. Lithium iron phosphate, commonly used as car battery or energy storage battery, is non-toxic. Lithium manganese oxide, electric bicycle battery, non-toxic. Three materials: lithium nickel cobalt manganate, widely used, electric bicycles, electronic products, airplane models, cobalt is a toxic element. Lithium cobalt oxide, digital products, mobile phones, pads, moderate toxicity. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminate: unknown, guessed and lithium nickel cobalt manganese. The electrolyte is composed of organic solvents and lithium salts. Organic solvents generally include PC, EC, DEC, DMC, DME, etc., among which DMC is a trace amount, and the others are non-toxic. Lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (the most commonly used, but also used in other lithium salts). When it comes in contact with water, it will be hydrolyzed into HF, which is toxic. There are several kinds of shells: aluminum shell, steel shell, plastic shell, aluminum plastic film. Aluminum shell and steel shell are non-toxic. Plastic casing and aluminum plastic film are white pollution. Diaphragm, general polyolefin microporous membrane, PP, PE, white pollution. Binders currently generally include styrene butadiene rubber SBR, polyvinylidene fluoride PVdF and some acrylic binders. Let's call it white pollution. In addition, the important material used in lithium processing is NMP (microtoxin), which is a solvent for positive and negative electrodes. It will evaporate during the production process, so the company must control its emissions and recycling. I think there are three important pollution problems in lithium-ion batteries: First, the pollution caused by the cleaning equipment and coating equipment of the positive and negative electrode pulping during the production process, including the positive and negative electrode materials, NMP, glue and other substances. Some companies do not control well (malicious hype do not want to control), resulting in the leakage of toxic wastewater. Point 1. During the production process, products used to clean the electrolyte may cause the water containing the electrolyte to flow into the sewer. Under normal circumstances, technical developers may discharge water directly into the sewer. Second, NMP recovery is not complete. Third, the lithium-ion batteries circulating on the market are rarely recycled. First of all, the pollution of lithium-ion battery itself is small, so we did not pay enough attention to it. Second, the recycling income of lithium is low. At present, lithium-ion batteries are getting closer and closer to civilian life. The important reason is that due to the popularization of mobile phone digital electronic products, the application of lithium-ion batteries has gradually expanded to electric bicycles, hybrid vehicles, etc. Some original lead-acid battery markets are gradually being eroded by lithium-ion batteries, but they cannot be completely replaced. Although each family has a lot of lithium-ion batteries (disused mobile phone batteries, etc.), its recycling and production companies are still limited, important lithium cobalt oxide cathode materials, lithium nickel manganese oxide precious metals nickel, cobalt-graphite, liquid collection Aluminum, copper (ultra-high purity), shell, etc. It's like garbage collection on the street. When it is valuable, people will recycle, but pollution has not been reduced. At present, lithium-ion batteries are liquid electrolytes, that is, various organic solvents, lithium salts and other components. Some of these statements: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact and delete the previous one: Brief analysis The working principle of lithium ion battery protection board