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Briefly describes the structure and working principle of lithium ion batteries

by:Vglory      2020-12-07
Source: 2020 - 04 - 10 21:08 hits: times gives a brief introduction to working principle of lithium-ion battery many misunderstanding is metallic lithium is contained in lithium ion battery, in fact, it is only a lithium ionic compounds, in rechargeable lithium ion anode decomposition, battery cathode is carbon. Lithium ion released from the positive compounds to embed and process is the process of battery charging and discharging. Usually people use embedded said charge, discharge in discharger. Lithium ion in insert and pull out the back and forth between the positive and negative process is the process of charging and discharging. Therefore, lithium ion battery, also known as' rocking-chair batteries'. Lithium ion batteries: charging process is a process of lithium ion and movement, the positive compounds to produce a large number of lithium ion battery, through the electrolyte, lithium ion movement from the positive to the negative terminal. Lithium ion battery anode is composed of carbon materials, at the cathode of lithium ion can be embedded into the pore of carbon material, carbon materials can accommodate more lithium ion, the greater the energy of battery can hold, which is often said that the capacity of the ( mAh) 。 Lithium ion battery discharge, discharge process, in contrast to the charging process, lithium ion from the cathode of carbon materials in the hole, returned to the anode. Lithium ion to return to the positive, the more the number of battery using the more, the less the rest of the. Lithium battery electrolytes is the interaction between electrolyte and electrode materials in batteries. Decomposition reaction exists in electrolyte itself, it involved in nearly all of the battery in the reaction process. At present, lithium ion battery electrolyte contained in the organic system. The overcharge, discharge and short circuit, heat shock, such as cases of abuse, battery temperature rise rapidly, electrolyte generally flammable, often lead to battery fire or explosion. At present, the dynamic high capacity lithium ion battery is the biggest obstacle to commercialization security issues. Therefore, choosing the appropriate electrolyte systems is also a lithium secondary battery for high energy, long cycle life and safety of one of the key. The electrolyte is an important part of the battery, it can transport ion and conduction current between the positive and negative. Lithium ion battery electrolyte according to its morphology can be classified into liquid electrolyte and solid electrolyte and molten salt electrolyte. Starting from lithium ion battery mass transfer actual requirements, the electrolyte must satisfy the following basic requirements: ( 1) Ionic conductivity: electrolytes have no electrical conductivity, but must have a good ionic conductivity. Within the scope of the average temperature, the electrical conductivity of electrolyte in 1 & times; 10 - 3~ 2× 10 - 3 s/cm. ( 2) Of ion transference number: battery charge transfer depends on the ionic migration. A higher number of ion migration can reduce the concentration polarization of electrode reaction, make the battery produces a high energy density and power density. The ideal of lithium ion transference number should be as close to 1. ( 3) Stability: when the electrolyte and the electrode in direct contact, try to avoid the occurrence of adverse events, which requires the electrolyte has a certain chemical stability and thermal stability. ( 4) Mechanical strength, electrolyte needs to have a high enough mechanical strength to meet the mass production and packaging process of the battery. Li will trimethyl phosphate ( TMP) As high pressure liquid electrolyte additives to Li1. 2 Mn0。 54 Ni0。 13 Co0。 13 O2 as the positive pole of the battery and experiment, the results showed that adding 1% TMP, electrolyte can significantly improve the performance and cycle performance of battery. In order to avoid the traditional lithium-ion batteries have safety problems such as leakage, flammable, explosive, lithium secondary battery electrolytic liquid to solid development. Solid electrolyte, also known as fast ion conductor, need high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity and low activation energy. Scientists study the solid electrolyte including inorganic solid electrolyte, polymer solid electrolyte, solid-liquid composite electrolyte, etc. In inorganic solid electrolyte, Li + is in a state of flow dynamics, and through the electrolyte in the hole location and/or clearance to migrate.
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