How does the supercapacitor battery work?

The working principle of supercapacitor batteries The capacity of supercapacitors is much larger than that of ordinary capacitors. Because of its large capacity and the same external performance as the battery, it is also called 'capacitor battery' or 'golden battery'. Supercapacitor batteries also belong to electric double layer capacitors. It is the largest electric double layer capacitor in mass production in the world. Its basic principle is the same as other types of electric double layer capacitors. They all use activated carbon porous electrodes. The electric double layer structure composed of electrolyte and electrolyte obtains super large capacity. The electric energy stored in traditional physical capacitors comes from the separation of charges on the two plates. Between the two plates is a vacuum (relative permittivity of 1) or a layer of dielectric material (relative permittivity of u0026epsilon;) Isolated, the capacitance value is: Cu003du0026epsilon;u0026middot;A/3.6u0026pi;du0026middot;10-6 (u0026mu;F) where A is the area of u200bu200bthe plate and d is the thickness of the medium. The stored energy is: Eu003dC(u0026Delta;V)2/2, where C is the capacitance value and u0026Delta;V is the voltage drop between the plates. It can be seen that if you want to obtain a larger battery capacity and store more energy, you must increase the area A or reduce the thickness d of the medium, but this expansion space is limited, resulting in smaller power and energy storage. Supercapacitors use activated carbon materials to make porous electrodes. At the same time, electrolyte solution is filled between the opposite carbon porous electrodes. When a voltage is applied at both ends, positive and negative electrons are collected on the opposite porous electrodes, and the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte solution will Because the electric field is used to concentrate on the interface opposite to the positive and negative plates, two current collecting layers are formed, which is equivalent to two capacitors in series. Because the activated carbon material has an ultra-high specific surface area of u200bu200bu0026ge;1200m2/g (that is, the Very large electrode area A), and the interface distance between the electrolyte and the porous electrode is less than 1nm (that is, a very small dielectric thickness d is obtained). According to the previous calculation formula, it can be seen that this electric double layer capacitor is better than the traditional The capacitance value of the physical capacitor is much larger, and the specific capacity can be increased by more than 100 times, so that the capacitance per unit weight can reach 100F/g, and the internal resistance of the capacitor can be kept at a very low level. Carbon materials also have a cost. Low, mature technology and other advantages. This makes it possible to use capacitors to store large amounts of electricity, and in actual use, series or parallel can be used to increase the output voltage or current. Supercapacitors are upgraded from traditional capacitors. Flat capacitors are composed of two metal electrode plates that are insulated from each other. The capacitance is proportional to the area of u200bu200bthe electrode plates and inversely proportional to the size of the gap between the electrode plates. The structure of a supercapacitor is similar to a flat capacitor. Its electrode is a porous carbon-based material. The porous structure of the material allows it to have a surface area of u200bu200bseveral thousand square meters per gram of weight. The distance between the capacitor and the charge is determined by the size of the ions in the electrolyte. The huge surface area combined with the extremely small distance between the charges makes the supercapacitors have a large capacity. The capacity of a single supercapacitor can range from 1 farad to several thousand farads. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: How can I distinguish between iron and lithium batteries?