The identity and advantages of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

1. Lithium-ion battery electrolyte identity introduction 1. Ethylene carbonate: molecular formula C3H4O3 transparent colorless liquid (>35℃), crystalline solid at room temperature. Boiling point: 248℃/760mmHg, 243-244℃/740mmHg; flash point ：160℃; Density: 1.3218; Refractive index: 1.4158 (50℃); Melting point: 35-38℃; This product is an excellent solvent for polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl chloride. It can be used as a spinning fluid in textiles; it can also be directly used as a solvent for removing acid gases and an additive in concrete; it can be used as a pharmaceutical component and raw material in medicine; it can also be used as a plastic foaming agent and a synthetic lubricant In the battery industry, it can be used as an excellent solvent for lithium-ion battery electrolyte. 2. Propylene carbonate: molecular formula C4H6O3 is colorless, odorless, or light yellow transparent liquid, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride, and miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, etc. It is an excellent polar solvent. This product is mainly used in polymer homework, gas evacuation technology and electrochemistry. It is especially used to receive carbon dioxide from natural gas and synthetic ammonia raw materials in petrochemical plants. It can also be used as a plasticizer, spinning solvent, olefin and aromatic extractant, etc. . This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place, far away from fire, and stored and transported as general low-toxic chemicals. 3. Diethyl carbonate: colorless liquid with molecular formula CH3OCOOCH3, slightly odor; vapor pressure 1.33kPa/23.8℃; flash point 25℃ (flammable liquid can volatilize into vapor and run into the atmosphere. Temperature rises, volatilization accelerates. When the volatilized vapor and ambient impurities can flash sparks when fighting with the fire source, this short combustion process is called flash ignition, and the lowest temperature at which flash ignition occurs is called flash point. The lower the flash point, the fire will be caused. The greater the danger.); melting point -43℃; boiling point 125.8℃; solubility: insoluble in water, miscible in most organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters, etc.; density: relative density (water u003d 1) 1.0; relative Density (atmosphereu003d1) 4.07; invariance: unchanged; hazard sign 7 (flammable liquid); important use: used as a solvent and used in organic synthesis. 2. Advantages of lithium-ion battery electrolyte The electrolyte plays a role of conducting electrons between the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium-ion battery pack, which guarantees the advantages of lithium-ion batteries such as high voltage and high specific energy. Electrolyte is generally prepared from raw materials such as high-purity organic solvents, electrolyte lithium salts, and necessary additives under certain conditions and in certain proportions. The important electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries include lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluorophosphate. However, the low temperature results of batteries made of lithium perchlorate are not good, and there is a danger of explosion. Japan and the United States have refrained from using them. The battery made of fluorine-containing lithium salt has good performance, no explosion hazard, and strong suitability. Especially the battery made of lithium hexafluorophosphate. In addition to the above advantages, the future disposal of waste batteries is relatively simple and ecologically friendly. Therefore, the market prospects of this type of electrolyte are very widespread. 3. Lithium-ion battery electrolyte is mainly composed of three parts: (1) Solvent: cyclic carbonate (PC, EC); chain carbonate (DEC, DMC, EMC); carboxylic acid esters (MF, MA, EA) , MA, MP, etc.); (used to dissolve lithium salt) (2) Lithium salt: LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, etc.; (3) Additives: film-forming additives, conductive additives, flame retardant additives, overcharge care additives , Additives to control the content of H2O and HF in the electrolyte, additives to improve low-temperature performance, and multi-product additives. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: What are the basic precautions for the use of lithium-ion batteries?