Which types of power lithium batteries are now important?

At present, the mainstream technology on the market is still dominated by lead-acid battery technology, nickel-hydrogen battery technology, fuel power battery technology, and lithium-ion battery technology. Lead-acid battery Lead-acid battery has the longest application history and the most mature technology. It is the lowest cost and cheap battery, and it has been processed in large quantities. Among them, the valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery (VRLA) once became an important vehicle power lithium battery, which was used in EVs and HEVs developed by many European and American automobile companies. For example, GM developed Saturn and HEV in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. EVI electric vehicles, etc. However, lead-acid batteries have low specific energy, short battery life, high self-discharge rate, and low cycle life; its important raw material lead is heavy, and heavy metal environmental pollution may occur during processing and recycling. Therefore, at present, lead-acid batteries are mainly used in ignition devices when cars are started, and small equipment such as electric bicycles. Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni/MH) batteries have good resistance to overcharge and overdischarge, and there is no heavy metal pollution problem, and there will be no electrolyte increase or decrease in the working process, and can achieve a sealed design and maintenance-free. Compared with lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries have higher specific energy, specific power and cycle life. The disadvantage is that the battery has a poor memory effect, and with the progress of the charge and discharge cycle, the hydrogen storage alloy gradually loses its catalytic ability, and the internal pressure of the battery will gradually increase, which affects the use of the battery. In addition, the expensive price of nickel metal also leads to higher costs. In terms of key materials, nickel-metal hydride batteries are mainly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode, separator and electrolyte. The positive electrode is nickel electrode (Ni(OH)2); the negative electrode generally uses metal hydride (MH); the electrolyte is mainly liquid, and the important component is hydrogen. Potassium oxide (KOH). At present, the research focus of nickel-hydrogen battery is mainly on the positive and negative electrode materials, and its technology research and development is relatively mature. Ni-MH batteries for vehicles have been processed and used in batches, and they are the most widely used type of vehicle batteries in the development of hybrid vehicles. The most typical representative is the Toyota Prius, which is currently the largest mass-produced hybrid vehicle. PEVE, a joint venture between Toyota and Panasonic, is currently the world's largest manufacturer of nickel-metal hydride power lithium batteries. This has to talk about the biggest advantage of nickel-metal hydride batteries: super durability! The famous American automobile media once compared and tested a first-generation Prius that had been used for ten years. The test results show that the first-generation Prius model with nickel-metal hydride batteries, after 10 years of driving 330,000 kilometers, compares it with the data of the new car, and it maintains the same level in terms of fuel consumption and power performance. The hybrid system and the Ni-MH battery pack are still working normally. In addition, even after running 330,000 kilometers in ten years of use, this first-generation Prius has never had any problems with its nickel-metal hydride battery pack. Ten years ago, people questioned the situation that the degradation of battery capacity would greatly affect fuel consumption and power performance. It didn't show up either. From this point of view, the Japanese who have always been rigorous and conservative in favor of nickel-metal hydride batteries do have their own unique reasons. Fuel power cell Fuel power cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Fuel and air are separately sent to the fuel power cell, and electricity is processed. It looks like a battery with positive and negative poles and electrolytes from the outside, but in fact it cannot store electricity but is a power plant. Compared with ordinary chemical batteries, fuel power batteries can supplement fuel, usually hydrogen. Some fuel power cells can use methane and gasoline as fuels, but they are usually restricted to industrial applications such as power plants and forklifts. The basic principle of the hydrogen fuel power battery is the reverse reaction of the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and the cathode respectively. After the hydrogen diffuses out through the anode and reacts with the electrolyte, electrons are released to the cathode through an external load. The working principle of the hydrogen fuel power battery is: send hydrogen to the anode plate (negative electrode) of the fuel power battery, after the use of the catalyst (platinum), an electron in the hydrogen atom is separated, and the hydrogen ion (proton) that loses the electron penetrates Passing through the proton exchange membrane, it reaches the cathode plate (positive electrode) of the fuel power battery, while electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane. This electron can only pass through the external circuit to reach the cathode plate of the fuel power battery, so that current appears in the external circuit. After the electrons reach the cathode plate, they recombine with oxygen atoms and hydrogen ions to form water. Since the oxygen supplied to the cathode plate can be obtained from the air, as long as the anode plate is continuously supplied with hydrogen, the cathode plate is supplied with air, and the water vapor is taken away in time, electric energy can be continuously supplied. The electricity generated by the fuel power battery is supplied to the electric motor through inverters, controllers and other devices, and then the wheels are driven to rotate through the transmission system, drive axle, etc., so that the vehicle can drive on the road. Compared with traditional vehicles, the energy conversion efficiency of fuel-powered battery vehicles is as high as 60 to 80%, which is 2 to 3 times that of internal combustion engines. The fuel of the fuel power cell is hydrogen and oxygen, and the product is clean water. It does not produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, nor does it emit sulfur and particulates. Therefore, hydrogen fuel-powered battery vehicles are truly zero-emission and zero-polluting vehicles, and hydrogen fuel is the perfect vehicle energy source! Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it. A: Which indicators of lithium-ion battery safety test