What is the difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries

Lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries have different battery life, nominal voltage, internal materials, energy, and battery price. The nominal voltage of lead-acid batteries is 2.0V, while the nominal voltage of lithium batteries is 3.6V. Under the same voltage and current conditions, electric vehicles using lithium batteries are more powerful and speed up faster. The internal material difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries lies in the positive and negative electrodes of the two. When both the lead-acid battery and the lithium battery start to work, both the positive and negative electrodes will undergo a chemical reaction, and the lithium battery is an organic electrolyte, and the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery is concentrated sulfuric acid. The conductivity of the two materials is different. The energy of lead-acid battery is 30wh/kg, and the energy of lithium battery is 150wh/kg. According to data comparison, the energy of lithium batteries is stronger, and the energy supply is more sufficient than that of lead-acid batteries. Lithium batteries have greater voltage and energy than lead-acid batteries, and can provide relatively large currents. There are many reasons why lithium batteries are becoming more and more popular. Lithium batteries are smaller than lead-acid batteries, have stronger voltage and energy than lead-acid batteries, and last longer. However, the shortcomings of lithium batteries are also very obvious. Although lithium batteries are environmentally friendly, they have high production costs and low recycling value. Lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries are just the opposite. Although lead-acid batteries are large, they are recyclable and have low production costs. What is the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries? Lead-acid battery: Lead-acid battery (VRLA) is a storage battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of a lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in the charged state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes are lead sulfate. Lithium battery: Lithium battery is a kind of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Comparison of the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries: We will compare lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries from the perspectives of weight energy density, volume energy density, service life, price, applicability, national policies, safety, and environmental protection: 1 , Weight energy density The current lithium battery energy density is generally 200~260wh/g, lead acid is generally 50~70wh/g, then the weight energy density lithium battery is 3~5 times that of lead acid, which means the same capacity Under circumstances, lead-acid batteries are 3 to 5 times that of lithium batteries, so lithium batteries have an absolute advantage in lightening energy storage devices. 2. Volume energy density The volume capacity density of lithium batteries is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, so under the same capacity, the volume of lithium batteries is about 30% smaller than that of batteries. 3. The most popular material systems for service life are ternary and iron-lithium. The cycle times of ternary power lithium batteries are usually more than 1,000 times, the cycle times of lithium iron phosphate batteries are more than 2,000 times, and the cycle times of batteries are usually only 300. ~350 times, so the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries. 4. Price At present, the price of lithium batteries is more expensive than lead-acid batteries, about 3 times, but combined with the analysis of service life and the same cost, the life cycle of lithium batteries is still longer. 5. Applicability Lithium batteries are slightly less safe than lead-acid batteries, so various safety precautions need to be done during use, such as preventing external forces or accidents from damaging the lithium batteries, which may cause fire or explosion; At present, the temperature applicability of lithium batteries is also very good, so in other adaptability, lithium batteries are not inferior to lead-acid batteries. 6. Use occasions: Lead-acid batteries: car start, electric vehicle batteries, lithium batteries: mobile phones, computers, power tools, UPS power supplies, etc. are also used in electric vehicle batteries. 7. Internal materials Lead-acid battery positive and negative electrodes are lead oxide, metallic lead, electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid, lithium battery positive and negative electrodes are lithium cobaltate/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganate, graphite, organic electrolyte. 8. Safety Lithium battery safety comes from the stability of the positive electrode material and reliable safety design. Lithium iron phosphate completely solves the safety hazards of lithium cobalt oxide and lithium manganate. Lead-acid batteries will explode under strong collisions. , And lithium iron phosphate has passed rigorous safety tests and will not explode even in severe collisions. 9. The environmentally friendly lithium iron phosphate battery does not contain any heavy metals and rare metals, is non-toxic, and has no pollution in production and use. It meets the European RoHS regulations and is a green battery. However, there is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries, which will still cause secondary pollution to the environment if it is not handled properly after it is discarded. 10. Operating temperature range The operating temperature range of the lithium battery is -20-60°C, without air conditioning, reducing equipment installation costs, maintenance costs, and electricity costs. The operating temperature range of lead-acid batteries is 15-35°C. 11. Discharge characteristics For the same fully charged lithium battery and storage battery, at the same temperature, using different rates of discharge current, the discharge output characteristics of the lithium battery are very stable, while the discharge output characteristics of the battery are very different, which will cause power Unstable. In all aspects, the difference between lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries is very obvious. In addition to the manufacturing materials, the actual application scenarios for the two are not the same, and there are essential differences in use, so we need to choose batteries for daily applications. Plan ahead and choose the right battery product. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete.