What is limiting the battery capacity?

The battery technology is too weak? What limits the battery capacity? We can look at it like this: battery capacity u003d energy density x battery volume. The energy density is very important for the battery capacity. So this question can be understood as: Why is it difficult to increase the energy density of a current battery? The simple answer is: the chemical substance on the back of the battery restricts the energy density of the battery. The battery technology is too weak? What limits the battery capacity? The energy density of various energy carriers copied from the wiki is shown in the figure above. The batteries used in our mobile phones, tablets, laptops, watches and the famous Tesla are all lithium batteries in the lower left corner. Then look for gasoline, diesel, butane, propane, natural gas. It is estimated that after finding it, most people will have the following ideas: 1) Battery technology is too weak 2) Battery technology has a bright future The chemical reaction between individuals is better and more consistent. Fuel power battery technology will be the star of the future. My thoughts are: these are hallucinations, hallucinations. One: The chemical reaction between the battery and the fuel first make a little intellectual memory (perhaps universal). Most of the fuel and battery energy carriers we see today involve chemistry first, and most importantly redox reactions. The detailed chemical processes that energy carriers are exposed to are different, but they can always be summarized as redox reactions. The resurgent oxidation battery technology is too weak? What limits the battery capacity? The essence of the redox reaction is the transfer of electrons from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent. Do we feel like batteries? Battery negative recovery agent, positive oxidizer (not very accurate). Electrons flow from the negative pole to the positive pole through an external circuit, and then do some things: light bulbs, cars, phones, and computers. Since electrons are the source of energy, we can estimate the energy density by the density of electrons. Here we assume that the work electrons can do is the same (this is obviously not true, but it actually depends on the type of oxidant and restorer). But if you conduct a careful investigation like ordinary batteries and fuels, you will find that this is not an important factor. The electron density of an energy carrier, measured by volume, depends importantly on two factors; calculated by weight, there is only one. 1. Volume calculation: the material density of the energy carrier. Solidu003eLiquidu003eu003eu003eu003eu003eGas. well said. 2. The electron transfer ratio of the energy carrier. Suppose I forget chemistry, which is a bit difficult to understand; suppose I still have some impressions, which is a good thing. The electrons in the inner layer of the atom do not participate in chemical reactions and do not transfer naturally. The electron transfer ratio is the ratio of the number of electrons participating in the reaction to the total number of electrons in the molecule. Generally speaking, the number of electrons in the outer layer of the recovery system is not much, but the number of electrons in the inner layer increases with the number of atoms. More importantly, protons and neutrons are added when the atomic number is added, and they are both important sources of quality. The following are some examples: 1) h2-2eu003d2H+Hydrogen, as long as one electron participates in the reaction, the electron transfer rate is 100%. 2) Li-eu003dLi+Li+Lithium has three electrons in one atom, and only one of them is required for the reaction. The electron transfer rate is 1/3u003d33% 3)Zn-2eu003dZn(2+) Zinc atom has 30 electrons, only 2 are involved in the reaction, and the electron transfer rate is 2/30u003d6.7%. Due to the reasons I mentioned earlier, most The electron transfer rate of matter is very low. Therefore, only the light atoms in the first two rows of the periodic table can become good energy carriers. You only need the first two rows of 10 elements, hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon. At the same time, helium and neon are noble gases. Both oxygen and fluorine are oxidants. Nitrogen is a quasi-inert gas in most cases, so we say that it is not an inert gas. It either poisons or suffocates people, and then sweeps them away. There are five elements left, hydrogen (100%), carbon (66%), boron (60%), beryllium (50%), and lithium (33%). Further, suppose we use an atom as the negative electrode of the battery. The energy density (mass unit) of a half-cell can be estimated using electron transfer and atomic weight. Therefore, the above ratio will be even more uneven. Hydrogen is also used as a benchmark: carbon (4/1233%) boron (3/10.828%) beryllium (2/922%) lithium (1/714%) Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet, If there is any infringement, please contact to delete the previous article: Which of hydrogen fuel-powered batteries and lithium-ion battery electric vehicles will eventually become mainstream?