What are the types of high-energy batteries

① Magnesium dry high-energy battery with magnesium as the negative electrode active material: its structure is basically the same as that of zinc-manganese dry battery. The standard electrode potential of magnesium is relatively low, and its electrochemical equivalent is small, and it has excellent conditions as a negative electrode active material for high-energy batteries. For example, the actual specific energy of a magnesium-manganese dry battery is 4 times that of a zinc-manganese dry battery, the voltage is stable during operation, it has good working ability at low temperatures, and can withstand high temperature storage. The disadvantage is that there is voltage hysteresis (it takes a period of time after switching on, the voltage can rise to the end voltage value), the lag time is about 2 to 3 seconds; due to corrosion purposes, the current efficiency of the magnesium electrode is low; it is not suitable for small currents for long periods of time The intermittent discharge. ②Metal-air high-energy battery: A battery that uses oxygen in the air as the positive electrode active material and metal as the negative electrode active material. ③Lithium-nonaqueous electrolyte solution high-energy battery: The electrochemical equivalent of lithium is about one-half of magnesium, so as the negative electrode of high-energy battery, lithium is superior to magnesium. However, if lithium and water react violently, organic solvents or non-aqueous inorganic solvents must be used to prepare electrolyte solutions, and then inorganic salts are added to make them conductive. The positive electrode materials used mainly include solid fluorides, chlorides, oxides, and sulfides. The theoretical specific energy of these batteries is mostly above 1000 Wh/kg. Its actual specific energy is also relatively high. For example, when a lithium-copper fluoride (Li/CuF2) battery has a discharge current density of 2 mA/cm2, the actual specific energy can reach 250 Wh/kg. Since the specific conductance of the organic electrolyte solution is small and the current density cannot be increased, the lithium-nonaqueous electrolyte solution battery is a battery with high specific energy and low power. The lithium-sulfide battery will explode when discharged under heavy load, especially when an external short circuit occurs. ④ Sodium-sulfur high-energy battery: It is a relatively mature secondary high-energy battery developed in recent years. Its negative electrode is molten sodium metal (Na); the positive electrode active material is molten sodium polysulfide (Na2Sx), usually overflowing in porous carbon, which acts as the positive electrode current collector. A conductive ceramic tube should be used to separate sodium from sodium polysulfide to prevent self-discharge caused by the straight reaction. In addition, the ceramic tube also serves as an electrolyte in the battery. When the battery is discharged, the reaction on the negative electrode is 2Na─→2Na++2e-Na+ enters the positive electrode through the conductive ceramic tube and reacts with sulfur to form polysulfides. When the negative electrode's sodium is exhausted, the discharge is terminated. In order to make sodium and sodium polysulfide both in liquid state, the discharge needs to be carried out at about 300℃. The actual specific energy of the sodium-sulfur battery has reached 100 Wh/kg, and the charge-discharge cycle life can reach 2000 deep discharge cycles, so it is particularly suitable for use as a power battery for vehicles. ⑤Lithium high-temperature and high-energy battery: a battery with lithium as the negative electrode, chalcogen (including sulfide) and chlorine as the positive electrode active material, and molten salt as the electrolyte. Due to the use of molten salt, the battery works at 300-600°C, so lithium high-temperature high-energy batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries are collectively called high-temperature batteries. Liquid lithium electrodes tend to lose their wettability after repeated charging and discharging cycles; sulfur volatilizes at high temperatures and is corrosive; chlorine is a gas and is difficult to solve. Therefore, the direction of lithium high-temperature battery development will be to use lithium alloy as the negative electrode and sulfide as the positive electrode. For example, lithium aluminum alloy-iron sulfide battery, the battery reaction is 4LiAl+FeS2─→2Li2S+Fe+4Al Statement: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete the previous article: about lithium Common bad analysis of battery protection board