What are the specific use of lithium?

Source: 2020 - 04 - 12 21:50 hits: times' lithium materials, 'li', of course, is good the discovery of a chemical material, lithium lithium battery is in 1817 by j. 一个。 Find out. He is a Swedish chemist j. j。 Of the students. And industrial production of lithium began in Germany in 1923. 2. Physical and chemical properties of lithium lithium is an important rare metal, is the lightest metal found in nature. Silver, and the density of 0. 534 g/cm3, hardness is 0. 6, melting point 180 ℃, boiling point 1342 ℃, atomic number 3, 6 atomic weight. 941, electrode potential 3. 045 v, theory can than 3860 mAh/g. This element name from the Greek, which means' stone '. Because of its atomic number is 3, lithium in the outermost electron is easily lost when in contact with other elements, so that it can be combined with other elements. Lithium can react with the oxygen in air to form a kind of white loose compound lithium oxide. Lithium can also intense reaction with water, instead of the hydrogen in the water, releasing hydrogen, and turned himself into lithium hydroxide; Lithium is soluble in liquid ammonia, react with nitrogen to form black three lithium nitride crystal. The volatility of the lithium salt of flame is dark red, can be used to identify the lithium. The application of lithium metal lithium because of its unique chemical properties, extraction difficult scarce characteristics, mineral resources, from discovery to large-scale development applications, has experienced a long process. Until the first world war, with the need of military industry, its use is gradually be taken seriously. Initially, only a few such as Germany, the United States and the former Soviet union to obtained the development and application in industrialized countries. Lithium initially controlled thermonuclear reaction in the specific application in the field of military is to make the hydrogen bomb, bomb nuclear weapons such as qualitative and important material. After the second world war, with the development of technology, lithium and other rare metals, such as beryllium, niobium, tantalum and other developed countries of some of the industry and technology is widely used in metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry, high energy battery, ceramics, glass material, missile, rocket, nuclear weapons, electronics, aerospace, atomic energy, and other fields, gradually become a strategic resource. The specific method of use: 1. Due to the lithium easy to combine with oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, can be used as deoxidizer of metallurgical industry. If a small number of lithium is added to the copper ( Every 100000 years) Five parts, it can greatly improve the performance of copper, which is due to the chemical properties of active lithium, copper can be harmful impurity oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. , through reaction, so as to play the role of degas agent. In adding a small amount of aluminum, magnesium and other metal lithium, can improve the robustness of them and can acidproof alkali. Lithium compound also has many USES. One of the most striking is lithium hydride. When lithium metal interaction with hydrogen, white lithium hydride powder was created. Lithium hydride can react with water radically, release a large amount of hydrogen. One kilogram of lithium hydroxide and water can release 2800 litres of hydrogen! Therefore, lithium hydroxide can be seen as a convenient hydrogen storage 'warehouse. The effect of lithium hydroxide and water release two kilograms of hydrogen, is equivalent to between 120 and 150 contained in an ordinary cylinder under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen. 3. In addition, some lithium compounds used as glaze in the ceramic industry. In the glass industry, it can be used to produce opal glass and special glass by uv. TV screen glass, glass is lithium. To join in the alkaline battery lithium hydroxide can greatly improve the capacity of the battery. 4. Lithium compounds are common in plants. But they are the specific role of plants is not clear. Some red and yellow algae and tobacco usually contain more lithium compounds. When tobacco was burnt into ashes, lithium is still stay in the ashes. Lithium can be used as a catalyst to speed up certain chemical reactions. Interesting is: when you strike matches, put a piece of candy on the match flame, sugar begins to melt, but it will not burn. However, if you put some cigarette ash on the candy bars, candy bars will burn up like paper! This is because the cigarette ash contains lithium, it can accelerate the oxidation of sugar ( Burning) 。 5. In controlled thermonuclear reactions, is make the hydrogen bomb, bomb, bomb, such as the important raw material for nuclear weapons. 6, because the metal is generated by a variety of complex reaction with lithium reversible, coupled with its theory is higher than to ( As high as 3860 mah/g) People use these features to create lighting of high energy density