What are the relevant standards for lithium-ion battery anode materials?

Lithium-ion batteries are mainly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator. The choice of negative electrode material will directly affect the energy density of the battery. Metal lithium ion has the lowest standard electrode potential (?3.04V, vs. SHE) and a very high theoretical specific capacity (3860mAh/g), making it the first choice for lithium ion secondary battery anode materials. However, it is prone to dendrite formation during charging and discharging, forming dead lithium ions, reducing battery efficiency, and also causing serious safety hazards, so it has not been practically used. It wasn't until 1989 that Sony found that petroleum coke could be used to replace metal lithium ions, and it was not until 1989 that lithium-ion batteries were truly commercialized. In the subsequent development process, graphite occupies the lithium ion battery due to its low and stable lithium ion potential (0.01～0.2V), higher theoretical specific capacity (372mAh/g), low cost and environmental friendliness, etc. An important market for anode materials. In addition, although lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) has a low capacity (175mAh/g) and a high lithium ion potential (1.55V), it has a stable structure during charge and discharge and is a zero-strain material. Power lithium batteries and large-scale energy storage have certain applications, occupying a small amount of market share. As people pursue higher and higher energy density of lithium-ion batteries, silicon materials and metal lithium ions will be the future development trend of anode materials (Figure 2). my country has certain advantages in the industrialization of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The domestic battery industry chain is relatively neat from the mining of raw materials, the processing of electrode materials, and the manufacturing and recycling of batteries. In addition, my country has abundant graphite reserves, second only to Turkey and Brazil. After nearly 20 years of development, domestic anode materials have gone abroad. Manufacturers such as Shenzhen Beterui New Energy Materials Co., Ltd., Shanghai Shanshan Technology Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Zichen Technology Co., Ltd. have been engaged in the development and processing of anode materials. At the advanced level in the world. In order to promote the healthy development of the lithium-ion battery industry, my country has successively promulgated relevant standards since 2009, involving raw materials, products, and inspection methods. Specific indicators for various parameters have been proposed, and corresponding test methods have been given. The actual processing and application of materials have played a guiding role. At present, the types of anode materials actually used are relatively concentrated (graphite and Li4Ti5O12), and there are 4 important standards involved (Table 1). However, there are still 6 standards that are being formulated or revised (Table 2), indicating that the types of anode materials have been added, and new standards must be formulated to regulate their development. This article will focus on analyzing the important contents and points of the 4 promulgated standards. 1 Domestic lithium-ion battery anode materials related standards my country has published relevant standards for lithium-ion battery anode materials in the past ten years. There are 3 national standards and 1 industry standard. From the category point of view, there are 3 negative products involved and 1 test method. Graphite is the first negative electrode material to be commercially used, so GB/T245332009 'Graphite Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries' is the first negative electrode standard. Subsequently, a small amount of lithium titanate ions also entered the market. The corresponding industry standard YS/T8252012 'Lithium titanate ion' and the national standard GB/T308362014 'Lithium titanate ion and carbon composite anode materials for lithium ion batteries' also followed successively. roll out. 'Graphite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries' divides graphite into natural graphite, mesophase carbon microsphere artificial graphite, needle coke artificial graphite, petroleum coke artificial graphite and composite graphite. Each type is based on its electrochemical performance (first charge). The specific discharge capacity and the first coulombic efficiency) are divided into different levels, and each level is also divided into different varieties according to the average particle size (D50) of the material. The standard sets requirements for various physical and chemical performance parameters of different types of graphite. Due to the limitation of space, the following description will only divide graphite into natural graphite, mesophase carbon microsphere artificial graphite, needle coke artificial graphite, and petroleum. For coke artificial graphite and composite graphite, each type of index integrates all the parameters of different grades and different types of graphite. my country is formulating or revising the relevant standards of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Except for the 'graphite anode materials for lithium-ion batteriesThe newly formulated 'Mesophase Carbon Microspheres' originally belonged to a small category of graphite, but now it is listed on a single sheet, indicating that the importance of this type of graphite is increasing day by day. In addition, a new type of graphite standard 'spherical graphite' has been added. In addition, there are two standards related to soft carbon ('soft carbon' and 'oil-based needle coke'). Soft carbon refers to a carbon material that can be graphitized at high temperatures (u003c2500°C). The order of the carbon layer is lower than that of graphite, but higher than that of hard carbon. Soft carbon materials have the advantages of strong adaptability to electrolytes, good overcharge and overdischarge resistance, relatively high capacity, and good cycle performance. They have certain applications in the fields of energy storage batteries and electric vehicles. Therefore, the corresponding standards are Layout (table 2). In 'Made in my country 2025In response to this requirement, as far as the negative electrode material is concerned, the actual capacity of graphite is close to its theoretical limit, and new materials with higher energy density and other indicators should be developed. Among them, the silicon-carbon anode can combine the conductivity of carbon materials with the high capacity of silicon materials, and is considered to be the next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries, so the corresponding standards are also being drafted (Table 2). Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet, please contact to delete if there is any infringement. Previous: Maintenance tips for pure electric vehicle lithium-ion battery