What are the hazards of aging and vulcanization of lead-acid batteries?

The phenomenon of lead-acid battery plate vulcanization The phenomenon that white coarse-grained lead sulfide is formed on lead-acid battery plate is called lead sulfate hardening or crystallization, referred to as vulcanization or polarization, also called sulfation. This coarse-grained lead sulfide is different from the fine-grained lead sulfide generated in the discharge. The fine-grained lead sulfide has a small volume and a large contact area with the electrolyte. Good conductivity and easy to dissolve. It is easy to transform and reduce when charging; while the coarse-grained lead sulfide particles are coarse, have a small contact area with the electrolyte, and have poor electrical conductivity. It is difficult to convert into lead dioxide and sponge-like pure lead during normal charging. Because the coarse lead sulfide crystal is relatively large, it will also block the pores of the active materials, hinder the penetration of the electrolyte, and increase the internal resistance of the battery. The reason for the vulcanization of the lead-acid battery plate can be known from the reaction process. After the battery is discharged, if the lead sulfate is not charged in time or there is no overflow, the lead sulfate that appears in the discharge will crystallize and transform into irreversible lead sulfate crystals to cause the plate to sulfide. There are many understandings of the vulcanization phenomenon. Generally speaking, there are three types of vulcanization: one is the vulcanization that occurs between the electrode and the solution interface and is caused by the irreversibility of various types of electrochemistry itself, which is called electrochemical vulcanization; the other is the reactant during discharge. Consumption, the electrode surface cannot be replenished in time. Or a certain product accumulates on the surface of the electrode during charging and cannot be evacuated in time, which is called concentration vulcanization; the third is the vulcanization caused by the contact resistance between the electrolyte, the electrode and the conductive material, which is called ohmic vulcanization. The above three kinds of vulcanization are all the resistance reflected by electrochemistry. The main reason is that the battery is often over-discharged or deeply discharged at a small flow rate, which makes the lead sulfate deep into the inner layer of the electrode plate, and cannot be recovered during charging, which leads to vulcanization over time; in addition, the battery is discharged or under-charged. Long-term storage, the lead sulfate will not be converted, and will harden on the electrode plate; in the electric power department and motor vehicles, the battery will not be offline for a long time, will not get off the car, float charge for a long time, and the electrode will not get the chance to discharge. An adsorption barrier is formed on the surface of the electrode to sulfide. The hazards of lead-acid battery plate vulcanization The plate vulcanization will make the charging and discharging currents unable to pass through the plate to achieve normal electrochemical reactions, leading to the lead-acid battery performance lag, early damage and scrapping. The phenomenon shows that the battery voltage rises rapidly when charging. The voltage drops quickly during discharge. Some manufacturers claim that the service life of lead-acid batteries is as long as 20 or 15 years, which is calculated under ideal conditions. In fact, most lead-acid batteries are in a poor environment. If they are improperly operated or not maintained in time, the actual service life will be greatly reduced. In particular, critical applications such as telecommunications and power have high requirements on batteries. As long as the capacity is below a certain index, they must be replaced. Such batteries can still be used as long as they are repaired. It's a pity to be scrapped. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: Do you know the consistency of the lithium battery sorting machine?