What are the differences between lithium batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries

1. Different constituent materials: Lithium batteries use carbon material (graphite) as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode; nickel-cadmium battery positive electrode is composed of active materials such as nickel oxide powder and graphite powder, and the negative electrode is composed of cadmium oxide powder and iron oxide powder Composition of active substances. 2. The working principle is different: a lithium battery is more equivalent to a charge container, and it basically does not rely on electrochemical reactions when working. When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. . The carbon as the negative electrode has a layered structure. It has many micropores. The lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are inserted, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when the battery is discharged (that is, the process we use the battery), the lithium ions embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode are released and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions returned to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity. Nickel-cadmium batteries work through electrochemical reactions. When charging, electrons travel along the wires to the cathode, and react with the nickel dioxide at the cathode and the water in the sodium hydroxide solution to form nickel hydroxide and hydroxide ions, and electrical energy is converted into chemical energy; When the cadmium (Cd) and the hydroxide ion (OH-) in the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the negative electrode are synthesized into cadmium hydroxide, and attached to the anode, it also releases electrons, and chemical energy is converted into electrical energy; 3. Different charging and discharging characteristics: Lithium batteries have strict control over the charging and discharging current, not too large, and the voltage gradually decreases during discharge, and the change is large, but the charging efficiency of lithium batteries is higher, and there is no memory effect; nickel-cadmium batteries can be large and fast current Charging can supply a large current to the load, and the voltage change is small when discharging, but its charging efficiency is low, and the memory effect is serious; 4. The single cell voltage is different: lithium battery single cell voltage is 3.6v or 3.7v, nickel-cadmium Single battery 1.2v; 5. Different durability characteristics: Lithium batteries are more delicate, over-discharge or over-charge will cause permanent damage, so it is necessary to install a protective circuit board, and charge and discharge maintenance once every six months; nickel-cadmium batteries can be It is resistant to overcharging or over-discharging, and the operation is simple and convenient. It will not deteriorate the performance after being placed for a long time. The original characteristics can be restored after charging; Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete the previous article: What are the methods for lithium-ion battery detection