What are the details of the essential components of the lithium battery electrolyte?

The electrolyte is mainly composed of three parts: 1. Solvent: cyclic carbonate (PC, EC); chain carbonate (DEC, DMC, EMC); carboxylic acid esters (MF, MA, EA, MA, MP, etc.) ; (Used to dissolve lithium salt) 2. Lithium salt: LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiAsF6, etc.; 3. Additives: film-forming additives, conductive additives, flame retardant additives, overcharge protection additives, control of H2O and HF in the electrolyte Content additives, additives to improve low temperature performance, multifunctional additives. The electrolytes currently used in lithium batteries on the market are lithium perchlorate, lithium fluoride salt, lithium hexafluorophosphate and so on. Electrolyte is generally prepared from raw materials such as high-purity organic solvents, electrolyte lithium salts, and necessary additives under certain conditions and in certain proportions. Its essential ingredients are as follows: 1. Ethylene carbonate: molecular formula: C3H4O3, transparent and colorless liquid (>35℃), crystalline solid at room temperature, it is a good solvent for polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl chloride. 2. Propylene carbonate, colorless, odorless, or light yellow translucent liquid, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride, miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, etc. This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place, far away from fire, and stored and transported in accordance with the regulations of general low-toxic chemicals. 3. Diethyl carbonate, colorless liquid, odor; vapor pressure 1.33kPa/23.8℃; flash point 25℃, flammable liquid can volatilize into vapor and run into the air. 4. Dimethyl carbonate, a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and versatile chemical raw material; at the same time, it has a higher evaporation temperature and a faster evaporation rate. 5. Ethyl methyl carbonate, a colorless and translucent liquid, is a high-tech, high value-added chemical product that has emerged in recent years. It is an excellent solvent for lithium battery electrolyte. This product should be stored in a cool, ventilated and dry place. Store and transport in accordance with the regulations of flammable chemicals. 6. Lithium hexafluorophosphate, white crystal or powder, has strong deliquescence; analysis when exposed to air or heating, and rapid analysis of lithium hexafluorophosphate in the air due to the use of water vapor when exposed to air or heating, releases PF5 and white smoke appears. 7. Phosphorus pentafluoride is a phosphorus halide compound. Phosphorus pentafluoride is a colorless malodorous gas at normal temperature and pressure, and it is strongly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Phosphorus pentafluoride is used as a catalyst for the polymerization reaction. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet, please contact to delete if there is any infringement. Previous: What are the advantages of lithium batteries compared to lead-acid batteries