What are the design principles and structures of lithium battery cells?

The lithium battery pack is composed of a cathode and an anode, which are separated and connected by an electrolyte. The electrolyte conducts ions but is an insulator of electrons. In the charged state, the anode contains a high concentration of intercalated lithium, while the cathode contains lithium. During discharge, lithium ions leave the anode and migrate to the cathode through the electrolyte, while their associated electrons are collected by the current collector to be used to power electrical devices. The cell design and combination of modules and batteries are very different. The electrodes in lithium batteries are always solid materials. The types of ions can be distinguished based on their electrolytes, which can be liquid, gel or solid components. Electrolytes in gel and solid-state batteries represent structural components, and no additional protective plates are needed to effectively separate electrodes and guard against short circuits. The shape can be cylindrical and prismatic. ▲Structure (1) Cathode material: layered or spinel structure transition metal oxide or polyanionic compound with high electrode potential and stable structure, such as lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, iron phosphate Lithium, ternary materials, etc. (2) Anode material: The potential is close to the lithium potential, the structure is stable, and the layered graphite, metal element and metal oxides, such as graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, lithium titanate conductive current collector, use thickness 7- 15 micron electrolytic copper foil, etc. (3) Diaphragm: A specially formed polymer film with a microporous structure that allows lithium ions to pass freely, but electrons cannot pass. (4) Organic electrolyte: an organic solvent in which electrolyte lithium salt is dissolved to supply lithium ions, while a gel electrolyte is used for polymers. (5) Battery shell: divided into steel shell, aluminum shell, nickel-plated iron shell, aluminum plastic film, etc. There is also the battery cap, which is also the lead-out terminal of the battery's positive and negative poles. Lithium batteries have long penetrated into all aspects of human society and play an irreplaceable purpose in supporting the normal operation of industrialized societies. Although the battery is small, the aspects it involves are extremely complex. Therefore, researchers need to conduct detailed investigations and draw reasonable conclusions based on background information. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.