What are the classifications of commonly used batteries? What is its structure?

Classification and characteristics of commonly used batteries At present, our commonly used automobile starter lead-acid batteries are mainly divided into three categories, namely ordinary batteries, dry-charge batteries and maintenance-free batteries. 1) Ordinary batteries; the plates of ordinary batteries are composed of lead and lead oxides, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its important advantages are stable voltage and low price; its disadvantages are low specific energy (that is, the electric energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance. 2) Dry-charged battery: Its full name is dry-charged lead-acid battery. Its important feature is that the negative plate has a higher power storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can save the obtained power within two years. At the same time, just add electrolyte and wait for 2030 minutes to use. 3) Maintenance-free storage battery: Due to its structural advantages, the maintenance-free storage battery consumes very little electrolyte, so do not add distilled water during the service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of ordinary batteries. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first one is to add electrolyte once at the time of purchase and then do not maintain it during use (add supplementary fluid); the other is that the battery itself has been filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory. The user cannot add refill at all. The structure of the battery The general battery lead-acid battery is composed of positive and negative plates, separators, shells, electrolyte and terminal posts. The chemical reaction of its discharge is dependent on the active materials (lead dioxide and lead) of the positive plate and the negative electrode. The active material of the plate (sponge pure lead) is carried out under the use of electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid solution). The grid of the electrode plate is made of lead-antimony alloy in traditional batteries, and the maintenance-free battery is made of lead-calcium alloy. The former uses antimony. , The latter uses calcium, which is the fundamental difference between the two. Different materials will have different phenomena: traditional batteries will reduce the liquid during use. This is because the antimony on the grid will contaminate the spongy pure lead on the negative plate, which reduces the reaction in the battery after fully charged. The electromotive force causes the excessive decomposition of water, and a large amount of oxygen and hydrogen escape from the positive and negative plates respectively, which reduces the electrolyte. Substituting calcium for antimony can change the back electromotive force of the fully charged battery, reduce the overcharge current, and reduce the liquid vaporization speed, thereby reducing the loss of electrolyte. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous article: What are the precautions for using mobile phone batteries?