What are the charging stages of the battery?

1. The first stage---constant current stage. When the battery voltage is low, in order to prevent excessive charging current from damaging the battery, the charging current should be restricted not to be too large, and in order to shorten the charging time, the maximum allowable current should be used for charging. Therefore, constant current charging is used. During the constant current charging process, the 12V charger always automatically adjusts the output voltage to charge the battery with a constant current (usually 0.18---3C, C is the battery capacity). During the charging process, the battery voltage will be charged higher and higher, until it rises to 2.45V per division. Then transfer to the next stage of charging. The constant current charging stage is the main charging stage. The battery has been charged with about 85-90% of the power. In the constant current charging stage, the battery voltage will exceed the hydrogen evolution voltage of 2.35V/div. This is the reason why electric vehicle batteries will lose water. Just because of the difference between the quality of the battery and the quality of the 12V charger, the degree of water loss will also be quite different. Second, the second stage --- constant voltage stage, when the constant current charging is over, the output voltage of the 12V charger will not change. Keep this constant voltage to charge the battery. During the constant voltage charging process, the battery voltage will increase. The higher the current, the smaller the current. When the charging current drops to 0.5C, the constant voltage charging ends, and then transfers to the next stage of charging. The constant voltage charging stage is to recharge the battery, and the battery is basically fully charged at the end. Too high voltage in the constant voltage stage will cause excessive water loss and overcharging, and too low voltage will lead to undercharging and battery vulcanization. Therefore, the charging voltage and current should be strictly controlled. At this stage, some chargers increase the charging current and add a negative pulse discharge function to eliminate the concentration polarization on the surface of the battery plate, improve the battery’s power receiving capacity and reduce the temperature rise, and reduce the battery’s Excessive water loss, thereby further shortening the charging time, this is the negative pulse charging method. Some chargers change the smooth DC power during charging to pulse current charging. This kind of charger is called a pulse charger. The pulse charger uses the charging characteristics of a short time interval with a high voltage and a large current, which not only improves the battery's power receiving capacity, but also has the effect of removing sulfur. 3. The third stage-floating charge stage. Floating charge charge is also called trickle charge. The float charge stage is actually constant voltage charge, but the charge is low and the current is small. It is maintenance charging and allows safe charging for a long time . At this stage, the charging voltage of the 12V charger is generally controlled at about 13.6--13.8V, and the charging current is slightly larger than the self-discharge current, generally about 0.01-0.03C. Through trickle charging, the battery can be charged to nearly 100%. Too small current is not enough to make up for the self-discharge of the battery, and too large current will cause overcharge and water loss. Low-current and long-term charging can eliminate the vulcanization of the negative plate. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: What are the important indicators for detecting whether the energy storage battery is safe?