What are the basic materials for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries must contain several basic materials: positively electroactive materials, negatively electroactive materials, separators, and electrolytes. It is not difficult to understand the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In order to realize the movement of electric charge, you need the potential difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode material. So what is the active material? We understand that the battery actually converts electrical energy and chemical energy into each other to store and release energy. To do this, you need a material that is easy to react with, a material that is easy to be oxidized and reduced, and a material that can convert energy. Therefore, we need an active material to be the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. . As mentioned above, lithium is our preferred material for battery production, so why not use metal lithium as the active material of the electrode? Isn’t this the maximum energy density? What is the electrolyte for? In layman's terms, it is the water in the swimming pool that makes Lithium ions can swim freely, so the higher the ion conductivity, the lower the resistance, the smaller the electronic conductivity and insulation, the better the chemical stability, and the better the thermal stability and safety, giving people a broad potential window. Based on these principles, after a long period of engineering exploration, people have discovered raw materials such as high-purity organic solvents, lithium electrolyte salts, and necessary additives. Under certain conditions, electrolytes are prepared in a certain proportion. Organic solvents include PC propylene carbonate, EC ethylene carbonate, DMC dimethyl carbonate, DEC diethyl carbonate, EMC ethyl ester and other materials. Lithium electrolyte contains LiPF6, LiBF4 and other substances. Lithium in the form of metal is too lively, and most naughty children are disobedient and like to do damage. Early research on lithium-ion batteries focused on metal lithium or its alloy as a negative electrode, but for safety reasons, they had to find better alternatives. In order to achieve the chemical stability of the energy storage and release process, that is, the safety and long life of the battery charging and discharging cycle, we need an electrode material that is reactive when necessary and stable when necessary. After long-term research and exploration, several lithium metal oxides have been discovered, such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium titanate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, nickel cobalt manganese ternary and other materials, which are used as the positive or negative electrode of battery active materials. , Solve the above problem. As shown in the figure, the olivine structure of lithium iron phosphate is also a very stable cathode material structure. During charging and discharging, lithium ions are stripped without causing lattice collapse. In addition, metal lithium-ion batteries are also available, but they are insignificant compared with lithium-ion batteries. The development of technology will ultimately serve the market. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete.