Summary of the advantages and disadvantages of lithium-ion battery performance

Overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the performance of lithium-ion batteries Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various fields due to their excellent performance. The advantages of lithium-ion batteries are as follows: (1) High-voltage platform of lithium-ion batteries. The average voltage of a single battery is 3.7v or 3.2v, which is approximately equal to the series voltage of three nickel-cadmium batteries or nickel-hydrogen batteries, which is conducive to the formation of battery packs. (2) High energy storage density. Compared with other batteries, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is very high, reaching 460-600wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries. This means that under the same charging capacity, the weight of the lithium-ion battery is lighter. After calculation, the weight of the lead-acid product of the same volume is about 1/5-1/6 of the weight of the lead-acid product. (3) Long service life. The service life of lithium-ion batteries can reach more than 6 years. Taking the lithium iron phosphate battery as an example, the maximum cycle can reach 1000 times at a charge and discharge rate of 1C. (4) High power capacity. The maximum charge and discharge rate of lithium iron phosphate batteries used in electric vehicles is 15c-30c, which is very suitable for the start and acceleration of high-power vehicles. (5) The self-discharge rate is very low. Self-discharge rate is one of the most prominent advantages of lithium-ion batteries. Under the same conditions, the self-discharge rate of a full battery in 1 month at room temperature is about 10%, the self-discharge rate of nickel-cadmium is 25-30%, and the self-discharge rate of nickel hydride is 30-35%. (6) No memory effect. This means that lithium-ion batteries can be charged and discharged at any time without having to wait for the charge to run out like nickel-metal hydride batteries or nickel-tin batteries. (7) High and low temperature adaptability. Lithium-ion batteries can be used in an environment of -20°C and 60°C, and after process treatment, they can be used in an environment of -45°C. (8) Environmental protection. In the process of production, use or scrapping, no or no toxic heavy metal substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, etc. are present. (9) Lithium, manganese, iron, and vanadium are important raw materials for lithium-ion batteries in my country, with abundant resources; the production process consumes less water, which is a good thing for countries with scarce water resources. However, lithium-ion batteries also have their own insurmountable defects, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) The battery performance is significantly reduced at low temperatures, the discharge platform is reduced, the output power is reduced, and the available power is reduced. (2) Improper use has potential safety hazards. Because lithium-ion battery components are very active, major accidents such as electrolyte decomposition, combustion, and even explosion may occur if they are used improperly. (3) Different discharge rates have a greater impact on the battery capacity. (4) Overcharge and overdischarge will cause irreversible damage to the battery. In view of the above shortcomings, a large-capacity lithium-ion battery pack is generally used to monitor the use of battery protection devices. Table 1 compares the performance of lithium-ion batteries with other batteries. Table 1 Comparison of the performance of various batteries Classification of secondary batteries Lithium ion batteries Nickel metal hydride batteries Nickel cadmium batteries Lead-acid batteries positive electrode system Lithium transition metal oxide nickel hydroxide nickel hydroxide nickel hydroxide lead dioxide graphite and other multilayer hydrogen storage alloy oxidation Cadmium sponge lead negative system diaphragm system PP/PEPP or PEPP nylon glass fiber cotton electrolyte is organic lithium electrolyte KOH aqueous solution KOH aqueous solution dilute sulfuric acid nominal voltage 3.0~3.71.21.22.0 physical energy density 350~400wh/l320~350wh/l160 ~180wh/l65~wh/l weight energy density 180~200wh/kg60~65wh/kg40~45wh/kg25~30wh/kg ion migration redox redox redox charging and discharging method constant current constant voltage constant current charging constant current charging constant Current charging constant current charging charging terminal control constant current/voltage limit constant current limit constant current voltage regulator safety has certain safety hazards environmental protection environmental protection cadmium pollution lead pollution The best operating temperature is 0℃~45℃~20℃~45 ℃~20℃~60℃~40℃~70℃ price (2.2~2.8 yuan/wh)/wh3.5~4.0/wh2.2~2.8/wh0.7~1.0/wh high cost of charger (constant current, Constant Voltage) Normal (Control Constant Current Source) Normal (Control Constant Current Source) Low (Voltage Regulator) Statement: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete Prerequisite background of power consumption lithium-ion battery protection circuit