Material and structure of battery

Battery packs: plates, separators, shells, electrolytes, lead connecting rods, poles, etc. 1. Classification and composition of positive and negative plates: The plates are divided into positive and negative plates. Both the positive and negative plates are composed of a grid and The active material is filled on the grid. Purpose: In the process of battery charging and discharging, the mutual conversion of electric energy and chemical energy is realized by the chemical reaction between the active material on the electrode plate and the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte. Color discrimination: the active material on the positive plate is lead dioxide (PbO2), which is dark brown; the active material on the negative plate is spongy pure lead (Pb), which is blue-gray. Grid effect: the packaging of active substances and the formation of plates. Plate set: In order to increase the capacity of the battery, multiple positive and negative plates are welded in parallel to form a positive and negative plate set. Equipment special requirements: insert the positive and negative plates into each other, and insert the baffle in the center. In each cell, there is always more than one negative plate than one positive plate. 2. Partition effect: In order to reduce the internal resistance and specifications of the battery, the positive and negative plates inside the battery should be as close as possible; in order to prevent short circuits due to contact with each other, the positive and negative plates should be separated by separators. Data requirements: The partition data should have porosity and permeability, and the chemical function is stable, that is, it has excellent acid resistance and oxidation resistance. Data: Commonly used partition data include wooden partitions, microporous rubber, microporous plastic, glass fiber, cardboard, etc. Equipment requirements: The partition wall with grooves on the equipment should face the board. 3. Shell purpose: used to fix electrolyte and electrode group. Data: composed of data with acid resistance, heat resistance, impact resistance, good insulation performance and certain mechanical properties. Structural features: The shell is an integral structure. The inside of the shell is divided into 3 or 6 mutually exclusive single cells by partitions, and a protruding rib group is placed at the bottom. The space between the ribs is used to store the exuded active material to prevent short circuits between the plates. After the metal plate is put into the case, the upper part is sealed with a battery cover made of the same material as the case. The battery cover has a liquid supply hole corresponding to the top of each single battery for adding electrolyte and distilled water. It can also be used to detect the height of the electrolyte level and measure the relative density of the electrolyte. 4. Electrolyte use: In the conversion process of electrical energy and chemical energy, the electrolyte guides ions and participates in chemical reactions, that is, the electrochemical reaction of charge and discharge. Composition: It is made of pure sulfuric acid and distilled water in a certain proportion, and the density is generally 1.24~1.30g/ml. Special attention: electrolyte purity is an important factor affecting battery function and service life. 5. Single battery serial connection mode The battery is generally composed of three or six batteries in series, and the additional voltage is 6V or 12V. Serial connection method: There are generally three methods for single battery serial connection: the traditional exposed type, through type and over type. This connection method is simple, but the lead consumption is large and the connection resistance is large, so the voltage drop is large when starting, the power loss is also large, and it is easy to form a short circuit. The wall connection method is to punch holes in the wall between adjacent single cells, pass the connecting belt, and weld the two poles of the two single cell panels together. Cross-connection method: There is a gap on the wall between adjacent single cells. The connecting rod is used to connect two single solar panels and two poles across the wall through the gap. All connecting rods are arranged under the full cover. Compared with the traditional exposed lead connection method, the through-wall connection method and the cross-line connection method have the advantages of short connection distance, less data, less resistance, and good starting function. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous article: The four processes of lithium battery charging