Is there a temperature requirement for battery charging and discharging?

Among all environmental factors, temperature has the greatest impact on the charge and discharge performance of the battery. The electrochemical reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface is related to the ambient temperature, and the electrode/electrolyte interface is regarded as the heart of the battery. If the temperature drops, the reaction rate of the electrodes also drops. Assuming that the battery voltage remains constant and the discharge current decreases, the power output of the battery will also decrease. If the temperature rises, the opposite is true, that is, the battery output power will rise, and the temperature will also affect the transfer speed of the electrolyte. The temperature rise will speed up, the transfer temperature will drop, the transfer will slow down, and the battery charge and discharge performance will also be affected. However, if the temperature is too high, exceeding 45°C, it will destroy the chemical balance in the battery and cause side reactions. Many companies’ battery products can achieve normal discharge at low temperatures, but at the same temperature, it is more difficult to achieve normal charging, or even unable to charge. When Li+ is embedded in the graphite material, it must first be desolvated. This process consumes a certain amount of energy. It prevents Li+ from diffusing into the graphite; on the contrary, when Li+ is released from the graphite material into the solution, there will be a solvation process, and solvation does not consume energy, and Li+ can quickly release the graphite. Therefore, the charge acceptance capability of graphite materials is clearly inferior to the discharge acceptance capability. Frozen lead-acid batteries can cause permanent damage. Always keep the battery fully charged, because in the discharged state, the electrolyte becomes more like water and is more susceptible to freezing than when it is overcharged. Lead-acid batteries that have been immersed tend to break, and if they are frozen, they will cause leakage; the sealed lead-acid packaging loses its effectiveness and can only provide a few charging cycles before it expires and needs to be replaced. Lithium batteries can provide quite good charging performance in colder temperatures, and can be quickly charged in the temperature range of +5 to +45oC. When it is lower than +5oC, the charging current should be reduced, and charging is not allowed in freezing temperatures. During the charging process, the internal battery cell resistance causes a slight temperature increase, thereby compensating for some cold. The internal resistance of all batteries becomes higher when it is cold. The performance of the battery drops sharply at low temperatures. Because the internal DC resistance will increase during use, the efficiency loss that occurs will cause some warming effects. At -20°C, most batteries stop working. Although the operating temperature of nickel-cadmium batteries can be reduced to minus 40 degrees Celsius, the permitted discharge capacity is only 0.2C. From the current point of view, the ambient temperature is too high or too low to have a distinct effect on the characteristics of the battery. The current voltage drops and the capacity is insufficient. It is best to control the temperature between 10-50 degrees, and heat preservation measures should be taken. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet, please contact to delete if there is any infringement.