Explain the working principle and operating temperature range of lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion battery is a kind of rechargeable battery, it mainly depends on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During the charging and discharging process, Li+ intercalates and deintercalates back and forth between the two electrodes: when recharging the battery, Li+ deintercalates from the positive electrode and inserts into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; the opposite is true during discharge. Batteries that generally use materials containing lithium as electrodes are representative of modern high-performance batteries. When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. The carbon as the negative electrode has a layered structure. It has many micropores. The lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are inserted, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when the battery is discharged, the lithium ions embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode are released and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions returned to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity. Generally, the charging current of lithium-ion batteries is set between 0.2C and 1C. The larger the current, the faster the charging and the greater the heat generated by the battery. Moreover, charging with an excessive current will result in insufficient capacity because the electrochemical reaction inside the battery takes time. It's the same as pouring beer. If you pour it too fast, foam will appear, but you will be dissatisfied. The operating temperature range of lithium-ion batteries The operating temperature of conventional lithium-ion batteries: -20℃~60℃, but generally below 0℃, the performance of the lithium-ion battery will decrease, and the discharge capacity will be reduced accordingly, so the performance of the lithium-ion battery is completely The working temperature is usually 0~40℃. The temperature of lithium-ion batteries required by some special environments is different, and some can even run normally in an environment of hundreds of degrees Celsius. Conventional lithium-ion battery operating temperature: -20℃~60℃, but generally below 0℃, the performance of lithium-ion battery will decrease, and the discharge capacity will be correspondingly reduced. Therefore, the operating temperature for the full performance of lithium-ion battery is usually 0 ~40℃. The temperature of lithium-ion batteries required by some special environments is different, and some can even run normally in an environment of hundreds of degrees Celsius. Generally, polymer batteries whose operating temperature can be lower than -20°C are called low-temperature polymer batteries. Low-temperature polymer batteries are divided into ordinary low-temperature polymer batteries with a minimum operating temperature of -40°C and ultra-low temperature polymer batteries with a minimum operating temperature of -55°C. . Generally speaking, the better the low temperature capability of the low temperature polymer battery, the worse the high temperature performance. These two requirements are relatively contradictory. At present, many lithium ion battery companies have developed a wide temperature type low temperature battery that can be used in Working at minus 40°C to minus 70°C, it is mainly used in products with special requirements such as in-vehicle electronic equipment. Charging requirements, lithium batteries must be above 0°C, otherwise they will be charged frequently, the battery will be damaged quickly, and there will be safety issues. The discharge is generally at -20~60°C. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it. Previous: Do you know any solutions for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries?