Explain the structure and working principle of lithium battery

Lithium battery structure Lithium battery is an alternative product of metal lithium battery that appeared in the past few years. The important components of the battery are positive and negative electrodes, electrolyte, separator and outer shell. Main materials: positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, diaphragm structure: round, square, laminated, winding form: polymer (soft packaging), liquid lithium ion (steel shell) positive electrode: carbon electrode that can absorb lithium ions, When discharging, lithium becomes lithium ions, leaving the anode of the battery and reaching the cathode of the lithium battery. Negative electrode: The material is chosen to be as close as possible to the potential of lithium that can be inserted into lithium compounds, such as various carbon materials including natural graphite, synthetic graphite, carbon fiber, mesosphere carbon, etc. and metal oxides. Electrolyte: A mixed solvent system that uses LiPF6 ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and low-viscosity diethyl carbonate and other alkyl carbonates. Diaphragm: The use of polyolefin microporous membranes such as PE, PP or their composite membranes, especially the PP/PE/PP three-layer membrane not only has a lower melting point, but also has a higher puncture resistance, which plays a role in heat insurance. Shell: Made of steel or aluminum, the cover assembly has the function of explosion-proof and power-off. The working principle of lithium battery The working principle of lithium battery refers to its charging and discharging principle. When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. The carbon as the negative electrode has a layered structure. It has many micropores. The lithium ions that reach the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are inserted, the higher the charging capacity. In the same way, when the battery is discharged (that is, the process when we use the battery), the lithium ions embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode are released and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions returned to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity. What we usually call battery capacity refers to the discharge capacity. During the charging and discharging process of lithium batteries, lithium ions are in a state of movement from positive → negative → positive. If we compare the lithium battery to a rocking chair, the two ends of the rocking chair are the two poles of the battery, and the lithium ion is like an excellent athlete running back and forth on both ends of the rocking chair. Therefore, the experts gave the lithium battery a lovely name, rocking chair battery. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: What are the advantages of medical equipment lithium batteries?