Explain the history and advantages of cadmium-nickel batteries

The nickel-cadmium battery was invented by the Swedish Ginger in 1899 and has a history of more than 100 years. The nickel-cadmium battery is also a kind of secondary battery with a long history and a wide range of applications. Germany's Warta is the world's first manufacturer of cadmium-nickel secondary batteries. The pole plate of cdni battery adopts porous nickel sintered plate or foamed nickel, the positive nickel plate is impregnated with nickel (OH)2, and the negative nickel plate is impregnated or plated with cadmium (OH)2. The electrolyte is mostly 30%-40% of the KOH aqueous solution. The positive potential is +0.52v, and the negative potential is -0.809v (a single cadmium-nickel battery with a voltage of 1.2v), so the electromotive force of the cadmium-nickel battery is 1.329v. The working voltage of cadmium-nickel battery is about 1.2v, it has excellent high current discharge performance, and it can work in the temperature range of -20℃~60℃. Compared with lead-acid batteries, this battery has good overcharge performance and high reliability. Similar alkaline solution secondary batteries include iron-nickel batteries, zinc-nickel batteries, zinc-silver batteries, and cadmium-silver batteries. This kind of battery has the characteristics of many charge and discharge times, long service life, long-term use does not affect service life, reliable durability, convenient use, etc., so it has a larger output and application market. In summary, the biggest advantage of cdni batteries is stability and durability, but the disadvantage is that cadmium is expensive and pollutes the environment. There are many types of nickel-cadmium batteries, including large-scale nickel-cadmium batteries (most of which have a capacity of more than 20Ah) for storage and small sealed nickel-cadmium batteries. Nickel-cadmium batteries with a capacity below 6Ah and above 0.5ah are cylindrical flat batteries, and button batteries with a capacity below 0.5ah. Japan's Sanyo company processes nickel-cadmium batteries with a capacity of 95mah from 40 to 2000mah, which can be divided into eight categories according to their use: general use (standard) (E), high-capacity batteries, fast charge (R) batteries, high temperature (H), Thermal (K) type battery, long life (C) cell, protection memory type (S), flat shape (KF) battery. A typical standard AA battery type, its capacity is 600mah, 14.2mm x 50.5mm in size, 23g in weight and 12m in resistance. The AAA battery has a capacity of 250mah, a size of 10.5mm x 44.5mm, a weight of 11g, and an internal resistance of 24. In the 1960s, sealed nickel-cadmium batteries were used in missile, rocket and satellite energy systems due to their high-power discharge characteristics. The active material on the positive plate of the cadmium nickel battery is composed of nickel oxide powder and graphite powder. The active material on the negative plate is composed of cadmium oxide powder and iron oxide powder. The purpose of iron oxide powder is to make cadmium oxide powder have a higher diffusion coefficient, prevent agglomeration, and increase the load-bearing capacity of the plate. The active material is wrapped in a perforated steel strip, which forms the positive and negative plates of the battery under pressure. The plates are separated by alkali-resistant hard rubber insulation rods or perforated PVC corrugated plates. The electrolyte is usually potassium hydroxide solution. Compared with other batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries have a moderate self-discharge rate (the rate at which the battery loses power when not in use). In the process of using cadmium-nickel batteries, if the discharge is not complete and then recharged, then the next discharge will not be able to release all the power. For example, a nickel-cadmium battery releases 80% of its power before it is fully charged, and can only release 80% of its power in the next phase of use. This is the so-called memory effect of nickel-cadmium batteries. Of course, a few complete discharge/charge cycles will restore normal operation of the nickel-cadmium battery. Due to the memory effect of nickel-cadmium batteries, if nickel-cadmium batteries are not fully discharged, each battery should be discharged less than 1V before charging. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete.