Explain the advantages and disadvantages of ternary lithium-ion batteries

What is a ternary lithium ion battery? In nature, lithium is the lightest metal with the smallest atomic mass. Its relative atomic mass is 6.94g/mol, u003d 0.53g/cm3. Lithium is very active in chemistry and easily loses electrons and is oxidized into lithium ions. Therefore, the standard electrode has the largest negative potential (-3.045V) and the smallest electrochemical equivalent (0.26g/Ah). These characteristics of lithium make it a material with a very high specific energy. Ternary lithium ion batteries refer to lithium secondary batteries using three transition metal oxides as positive electrode materials. Fully integrated characteristics, good cycle performance of lithium cobalt oxide, nickelate lithium specific capacity, high safety and low cost lithium manganate, and synthetic composite lithium intercalation oxide synergize multiple elements such as nickel, cobalt and manganese through the molecular level Mixing, doping, coating and surface modification. It is a kind of lithium ion rechargeable battery that is widely researched and applied. Ternary lithium-ion battery life The theoretical life of a ternary lithium-ion battery is about 800 times, which is at a medium level among commercial rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate has about 2,000 cycles, while lithium titanate is said to have 10,000 cycles. At present, mainstream battery manufacturers promise 500 times (charge and discharge under standard conditions) in their ternary battery specifications. However, due to consistency issues, the important thing is that the voltage and internal resistance cannot be exactly the same. The cycle life is about 400 times. The manufacturer recommends that the SOC use window is 10%~90%, and deep charging and discharging is not recommended, otherwise it will cause irreversible damage to the positive and negative structure of the battery. If the battery is calculated by light charging and light discharge, then the cycle life of the battery is at least 1000 times. In addition, if lithium-ion batteries are often exposed to high-power and high-temperature environments, the battery life will be significantly reduced to less than 200 times. Ternary lithium ion battery has its advantages and disadvantages. Ternary lithium ion battery is a battery with excellent comprehensive performance, capacity and safety. The important functions and advantages and disadvantages of the three metal elements are as follows: Co3+: Reduce the occupation of cation mixing, stabilize the layered structure of the material, reduce the impedance value, increase the conductivity, and improve the cycle and multiplier performance. Ni2+: increase the capacity of the material (volume and energy density of the new material). However, because the radii of lithium and nickel are similar, too much nickel can also cause dislocation mixing of lithium and nickel. The higher the concentration of nickel ions in the lithium layer, the more difficult it is for lithium to dissociate in the layered structure, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. Mn4+: Not only can reduce material costs, but also improve the safety and stability of materials. However, excessive manganese content is prone to spinel phase, destroying the layered structure, thereby reducing capacitance and cycle attenuation. The biggest advantage of high energy density is the ternary lithium-ion battery. This platform is an important indicator of battery energy density and voltage, which determines the basic performance and cost of the battery. The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity, so the same The size, weight, and even the same ampere hour battery, the high-voltage platform ternary material lithium-ion battery has a longer life. The discharge voltage platform of single ternary lithium-ion battery is as high as 3.7v, lithium iron phosphate is 3.2v, and lithium titanate is only 2.3v. Therefore, from the perspective of energy density, ternary lithium-ion batteries have absolute advantages relative to lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, or lithium titanate. Poor safety and short cycle life are important shortcomings of ternary lithium-ion batteries, especially their safety performance has always been an important factor restricting their large-scale configuration and large-scale integrated applications. A large number of actual measurement results show that large-capacity ternary batteries are difficult to pass safety tests such as acupuncture and overcharge. This is also the reason why large-capacity batteries generally introduce more manganese elements, even mixed with lithium manganate. The 500 cycle life of the ternary lithium-ion battery is in the middle of this range, so the important application field of the ternary lithium-ion battery is consumer electronics products such as 3C digital. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: Analysis of the types and specifications of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries