Explain in detail the technical routes and technical bottlenecks of solid-state batteries

The technical route of solid-state batteries There are different technical routes in the category of solid-state batteries. Solid electrolytes can be roughly divided into three categories: inorganic electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE, Solid Polymer Electrolyte), and composite electrolytes. At present, the materials that many industry players invest in research include solid polymers, sulfides (Sulfide), oxides (Oxide), thin films (ThinFilm) and so on. For example, Sakti3 and InfinitePowerSolutions, the solid-state battery factories acquired by Dyson and Apple, are mainly thin films, but the process is complex and mass production is difficult. Previously, Dyson and Apple were willing to give up, so the current development situation is not clear. While Toyota, Panasonic, Samsung, BMW and CATL have invested in sulfide electrolytes, Huineng and Sony have focused on oxides. Apple has been actively deploying patents for solid-state batteries and charging technology since 2012, and acquired InfinitePowerSolutions in 2013. In the past two or three years, the news of the deployment of solid-state batteries by automobile factories has greatly surfaced, such as Toyota's announcement that it will sell electric vehicles equipped with solid-state batteries in 2022. In addition, Volkswagen invested in QuantumScape, a solid-state battery start-up company founded by the 'MIT Technology Review' TR35 young entrepreneur Jagdeep Singh. It increased its investment in June last year and obtained QuantumScape as a director. It is expected to establish solid-state lithium in 2025. Battery production line. In the past, Japan, a major battery country, has gradually abandoned lithium batteries and has shifted its research focus to solid-state batteries. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Japan New Energy Industry Technology Development Agency (NEDO) have actively promoted these developments. These developments have started the outside world. Pay attention to this technology. The technical bottleneck of solid-state batteries At present, many battery and automobile manufacturers, including South Korea's Samsung, Japan's Toyota, and my country's CATL, have increased their investment in solid-state battery research and development, and some batteries have entered the stage of vehicle installation. Although the prospects are promising, the road to the development of solid-state batteries is by no means smooth due to various technical and technological problems. First, there is a lack of efficient electrolyte material systems. At present, solid-state battery materials are developing rapidly, but their comprehensive use is lacking. As the core material of solid-state batteries, it has broken through the single index of solid lithium-ion conductors, but the overall performance cannot yet meet the needs of large-scale energy storage. The solid electrolytes used in solid-state batteries nowadays generally have performance shortcomings, and there is still a big gap between the requirements of high-performance lithium battery systems. 1. Solving the interface between solid electrolyte and electrode is also a major problem facing solid-state batteries. In the solid electrolyte, the lithium ion transmission impedance is very large, and the contact area of u200bu200bthe rigid interface with the electrode is small, and the change of the electrolyte volume during the charge and discharge process easily destroys the stability of the interface. 2. In solid-state lithium batteries, in addition to the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode, there are also complex multi-level interfaces inside the electrode. Factors such as electrochemistry and deformation will cause contact failure and affect battery performance. Third, unsatisfactory stability during long-term use is also a bottleneck in the development of long-life energy storage solid-state batteries. The structure and interface of solid-state batteries will degrade over time during the service process, but the mechanism for the impact of degradation on the overall performance of the battery is still unclear, and it is difficult to achieve long-term use. Therefore, the construction of high-performance solid-state batteries should start from two aspects, one is to build a high-performance solid electrolyte, and the other is to improve the compatibility and stability of the interface. In a sense, the evolutionary history of automobiles is the evolutionary process of batteries. In terms of origin, electric vehicles have a history of more than 180 years, and their appearance time is comparable to that of fuel vehicles. Neither lead-acid batteries nor nickel-metal hydride batteries have broken the status of electric vehicles. It was not until the upgrade of lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries that some consumers gradually accepted electric vehicles. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: Analysis of calculation method for UPS battery configuration