Explain in detail the composition and use of battery electrolyte

Battery electrolyte components The electrolyte is the medium used by chemical batteries, electrolytic capacitors, etc. (with certain corrosiveness), and supplies ions for their normal operation. And to ensure that the chemical reaction that occurs in the work is reversible. 1. The molecular formula of ethylene carbonate: C3H4O3 is a clear and colorless liquid (>35℃), which is a crystalline solid at room temperature. Boiling point: 248°C/760mmHg, 243-244°C/740mmHg; flash point: 160°C; density: 1.3218; refractive index: 1.4158 (50°C); melting point: 35-38°C; this product is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride A good solvent. It can be used as a spinning fluid in textiles; it can also be used as a solvent for removing acid gas and an additive in concrete; it can be used as a pharmaceutical component and raw material in medicine; it can also be used as a plastic foaming agent and a synthetic lubricant The stabilizer; in the battery industry, it can be used as an excellent solvent for lithium battery electrolyte 2. Propylene carbonate molecular formula: C4H6O3 colorless and odorless, or light yellow translucent liquid, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride, and ether, acetone , Benzene and other miscible. It is an excellent polar solvent. This product is mainly used in polymer operations, gas separation processes and electrochemistry. In particular, it is used to absorb carbon dioxide from natural gas and synthetic ammonia raw materials in petrochemical plants. It can also be used as a plasticizer, spinning solvent, olefin and aromatic extraction agent, etc. 3. Diethyl carbonate is a colorless liquid with a slight odor; vapor pressure 1.33kPa/23.8°C; flash point 25°C; melting point -43°C; boiling point 125.8°C; solubility: insoluble in water, miscible in alcohol and ketone , Esters and most organic solvents; density: relative density (water u003d 1) 1.0; relative density (air u003d 1) 4.07; stability: stable; critical use: used as a solvent and used in organic synthesis. The use of electrolyte for the battery 1. The purpose of electrochemical reaction. When the battery is discharged, the electrode plate absorbs the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte and releases electrical energy. Without the electrolyte, the battery cannot discharge electrical energy. When the battery is charged, the electrode plate releases The sulfuric acid absorbed during discharge restores the electrode plates to the initial state; 2. The battery is connected to the external circuit for the purpose of conducting electricity, and the current flows from the positive electrode of the battery through the external circuit to the negative electrode of the battery, and current flows through the external circuit, and the battery The internal HSO4- ions move away from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, and H+ move away from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, causing the battery to form current due to the directional movement of ions. In this way, the reactant PbSO4 on the negative electrode obtains electrons from the external circuit, and releases HSO4- into the electrolyte, and the HSO4- migrates to the surface of the positive electrode again to complete the transfer and transfer of electric charge. 3. Determining the density of the solution The key basis for determining the density of the battery electrolyte is to ensure that the electrolyte is in the active concentration range. The electrolyte density selection should be comprehensively considered from the battery body structure, power supply characteristics, working environment and other aspects. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete.