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Explain in detail the classification of lithium batteries and the mainstream technology of power lithium-ion batteries

by:Vglory      2021-04-11
According to the different materials used in the positive and negative electrodes, lithium batteries are usually divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries, that is, batteries that use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, and lithium metal or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material; lithium batteries, use lithium alloy metal Oxide is the positive electrode material, and graphite is the negative electrode material for the battery. Lithium metal batteries are not stable enough and cannot be recharged, so they are not secondary batteries. Regarding new energy vehicles, what we usually call lithium batteries refers to lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are mainly composed of positive electrode (compounds containing lithium), negative electrode (carbon material), electrolyte, and diaphragm. When the battery is charged, lithium atoms on the positive electrode are ionized into lithium ions and electrons (deintercalation), and lithium ions undergo electrolysis. The liquid moves to the negative electrode and obtains electrons, which are reduced to lithium atoms and are inserted into the micropores of the carbon layer (insertion); when the battery is discharged, the lithium atoms embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode lose electrons (deintercalation) and become lithium ions. The electrolyte moves back to the positive electrode (intercalation); the charging and discharging process of the lithium battery is the process of continuous insertion and deintercalation of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes, accompanied by the intercalation and deintercalation of equivalent electrons. The greater the number of lithium ions, the higher the charge and discharge capacity. Classification Due to different cathode materials, lithium batteries are mainly divided into: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium nickel oxide (LNO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), and ternary lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) ), nickel-cobalt-aluminate ternary lithium (NCA), the anode material is mainly graphite carbon material. The chemical composition, structure and key performance of each type are compared as follows: The technical route is based on the above table, let's analyze the usage of different types of lithium batteries in the market. Let me talk about lithium cobalt oxide, as the originator of lithium batteries. Of course, it may also be used as a power lithium-ion battery. It was first used on the Tesla Roadster. However, due to its low cycle life and safety, the facts Prove that it is not suitable for use as a power lithium-ion battery. In order to make up for this shortcoming, Tesla used the world's best battery management system to ensure battery stability. Lithium cobalt oxide currently has a large market share in the 3C category. The second is the lithium manganese oxide battery, which was first proposed by the battery company AESC. This AESC is not a small one. It is a joint venture between Nissan and NEC. The representative model of lithium manganese oxide is Nissan Leaf. Because of its low price, medium energy density, and general safety, it has the so-called better overall performance. The so-called success and failure is also because of this tepid characteristic, it is gradually replaced by new technology. Next is lithium iron phosphate. As BYD’s main product, it has good stability, long life, and cost advantages. It is especially suitable for plug-in hybrid vehicles that require frequent charging and discharging, but its disadvantage is that the energy density is average. Finally, there is a ternary lithium battery. As a rising star, the energy density can reach the highest, but the safety is relatively poor. Pure electric vehicles with requirements for cruising range have a broader prospect and are currently the mainstream direction of power lithium-ion batteries. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet, please contact to delete if there is any infringement. Previous: Popularization of common sense about lithium-ion batteries
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