Analyze the basic knowledge of batteries

What is a graphene battery? Graphene and battery Graphene is a cell lattice structure composed of carbon atoms. Due to its countless amazing properties, it is widely regarded as a kind of magical material. It is a powerful conductor of electricity and heat, with very light chemical inertness and a large specific surface area. It is also considered environmentally friendly and sustainable, with countless application possibilities. What is a graphene battery? The advantages of graphene batteries In the battery field, traditional battery electrode materials (and future battery electrode materials) have been significantly improved after graphene is strengthened. Graphene batteries are lightweight and durable, suitable for large-capacity storage, and can shorten the charging time. It can extend the life of the battery, and the life of the battery is negatively related to the amount of carbon coated on the material or added to the electrode to obtain electrical conductivity. Graphene adds conductivity instead of the amount of carbon used in traditional batteries. Graphene can improve battery performance in many ways, such as energy density and shape. Lithium batteries (and other types of rechargeable batteries) can optimize their morphology and performance by introducing graphene into the battery's anode, taking advantage of the material's electrical conductivity and large surface area. Manufacturing hybrid materials has also been found to help strengthen batteries. For example, a mixture of vanadium oxide (VO2) and graphene can be used for lithium ion cathodes, with fast charging and discharging and a long charging cycle. In this case, VO2 has high energy capacity, but poor electrical conductivity. This can be solved by using graphene as a structural skeleton and attaching VO2 to it, thereby creating a high-capacity and good electrical conductivity. Conductive mixed materials. Another example is the LFP (lithium iron phosphate) battery, a rechargeable lithium battery. Its energy density is lower than other lithium batteries, but the power density is higher (this is an indicator of the rate at which the battery supplies energy). The graphene-enhanced LFP cathode makes the battery lighter, charges much faster than lithium batteries, and has a larger capacity than traditional LFP batteries. The combination of graphene batteries and graphene supercapacitors can not only completely change the battery market, but also have amazing effects, such as the famous concept of electric vehicle range and efficiency improvement. Although graphene batteries have not been widely commercialized, there have been reports of battery breakthroughs all over the world. Basic knowledge of battery The battery is a portable power source that enables electrical equipment to operate without directly plugging it into a socket. Although there are many types of batteries, their working principles are basically similar: one or more electrochemical cells convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries are usually made of metal or plastic casings, including a positive electrode (anode), a negative electrode (cathode), and an electrolyte that allows ions to move between them. The separator (a type of permeable polymer film) forms a barrier between the anode and the cathode to prevent short circuits and at the same time allow the transport of ionic charge carriers. When current passes, the ionic charge carriers close the circuit. Finally, use the collector to charge the battery externally through the connected device. What is a graphene battery? When the circuit between the two terminals is completed, the battery generates electricity through a series of reactions. Oxidation occurs at the anode, and two or more ions in the electrolyte combine with the anode, and a compound that releases electrons appears. At the same time, the cathode is reduced, and cathode materials, ions and free electrons are synthesized into compounds. In short, the anode reaction produces electrons, while the cathode reaction absorbs electrons and electricity appears in the process. The battery will continue to generate electricity until the electrodes run out of materials needed for the reaction to occur. Battery types and characteristics There are two important types of batteries: primary batteries and secondary batteries. For primary batteries (disposable batteries), the electrode material changes irreversibly during the charging process and becomes invalid after use. Common examples are zinc-carbon batteries and alkaline batteries used in toys, flashlights, and many portable devices. Secondary batteries (rechargeable) can be discharged and charged many times because the original constituent electrodes can restore their functions. For example, lead-acid batteries for automobiles and lithium batteries for portable electronic products. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: What is the internal resistance of a normal battery? How to measure it?