Analysis of various battery components

The main components of common dry batteries include mercury, carbon, lead, iron, zinc, manganese, cadmium and nickel. The components contained in the lithium ion battery are composed of carbonate-based organic solvents, lithium hexafluorophosphate and some additives, and the lead-acid battery electrolyte is sulfuric acid for batteries. Next, we divide the analysis of various battery components in detail; the main components of common dry batteries include mercury, carbon, lead, iron, zinc, manganese, cadmium, and nickel.　　 Lithium ion battery (secondary battery, rechargeable) electrolyte is mainly composed of carbonate organic solvent, lithium hexafluorophosphate and some additives. The battery core is mainly composed of a positive electrode plate, a diaphragm, a negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte; the positive electrode plate, a diaphragm, and a negative electrode plate are wound or stacked, packaged, filled with electrolyte, and packaged to form a battery core.　　 Lead-acid battery electrolyte is sulfuric acid for batteries.　　1. The composition of the battery: the composition of dry batteries and rechargeable batteries: zinc sheet (iron sheet), carbon rod, mercury, sulfate, copper cap; batteries are mainly lead compounds. Example: The composition of No. 1 used zinc-manganese battery weighs about 70 grams, including 5.2 grams of carbon rods, 7.0 grams of zinc skin, 25 grams of manganese powder, 0.5 grams of copper caps, and 32 grams of others. 2. Types of batteries: The batteries mainly include disposable batteries, secondary batteries and car batteries. Disposable batteries include button batteries, ordinary zinc-manganese batteries and alkaline batteries, and most of them contain mercury. Secondary batteries mainly refer to rechargeable batteries, which contain the heavy metal cadmium. Waste car batteries contain acid and heavy metal lead. 3. The number of batteries: Digital products such as DC and MP3 are developing at a super fast speed, and they are all using batteries. The usage of batteries is increasing rapidly. If no action is taken, the battery mountain phenomenon will happen sooner or later. 1) Lithium batteries are classified according to their appearance: there are square lithium batteries (such as commonly used mobile phone battery cells) and cylindrical (such as 18650); 　　2) Lithium battery outsourcing materials are divided into: aluminum shell lithium battery, steel shell lithium battery, soft pack Batteries; 　　3). Lithium batteries are divided into positive and negative materials (additives): lithium acid (LiCoO2) batteries or lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium iron phosphate batteries, disposable lithium manganese dioxide batteries; another point: lithium Ion LIB, polymer PLB　　4). Different performance and uses are divided into: 　　 disposable--lithium manganese battery-button 3 volt battery high capacity (high platform)-used in mobile phone digital products with high rate;- －Used in electric vehicles and electric tools and high temperature of airplane model; －－－Miner’s lamp, indoor lighting, machine built-in backup power supply; 　　 low temperature; －－－Outdoor environment, north (winter) South Pole; The mainstream of lithium batteries are three kinds of iron lithium, manganese lithium, and ternary.　　 Manganese Lithium 1. The price is cheap. 2. Good low-temperature performance, with an efficiency of more than 90% when discharged at minus 20 degrees. 3. Good safety performance. But its 1. high temperature performance is poor 2. cycle life is low (generally the normal service life is about 300 to 400 times) 3. the specific capacity of grams is low (112) 4. the rate of discharge is poor (such as when the car is uphill and fast starting, right This type of battery has a great influence) 　　 ternary 1. The price is the most expensive of the three materials 2. High capacity (150. Can save volume) 3. Good cycle life (600 to 700 times) 4. Good rate discharge but other 1. The safety performance is the worst of the three (especially the steel case) 2. At present, the Chinese battery industry is not mature enough to master this material, and it is not used much. 　　 Lithium iron 1. In the price 2. In the capacity (130) 3. High cycle life (about 1500 times) 4. High temperature performance is good 5. Rate discharge is good, but it is 1. The price is not cheap 2. Low temperature performance is not good 3. It can fully reflect its superior performance in electric vehicles (6 minutes Fully charged, can be discharged 20 times) 　　'lithium battery' is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In 1912, the lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis. In the 1970s, M.S. Whittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have now become the mainstream.　　 Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth generation of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate, and performance-price ratio are superior to those of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high-tech requirements, only a few companies in a few countries are producing such lithium metal batteries.　　Lithium metal battery: 　　Lithium metal battery is generally a battery that uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, metal lithium or its alloy metal as the negative electrode material, and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.　　The basic principle of lithium battery 　　discharge reaction: Li+MnO2u003dLiMnO2　　Lithium ion battery: 　　Lithium ion battery generally uses lithium alloy metal oxide as the positive electrode material, graphite as the negative electrode material, and non-aqueous electrolyte. The reaction that occurs on the positive electrode of the charging is LiCoO2u003du003dLi(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electron)　　The reaction that occurs on the negative electrode of the charging is 6C+XLi++Xe-u003dLixC6　　The total reaction of the rechargeable battery: LiCoO2+6C u003dLi(1-x)CoO2+LixC6　　 Cathode material: There are many cathode materials available, and most mainstream products use lithium iron phosphate. Comparison of different cathode materials: Statement: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous article: Precautions for using lithium-ion batteries