Analysis of the principle and method of use of lead-acid batteries

The principle of lead-acid battery 1. The occurrence of electromotive force of lead-acid battery: 1. After the lead-acid battery is charged, the positive plate is lead dioxide (lead dioxide). The use of water molecules is in sulfuric acid solution, a small amount of lead dioxide and water Generate dissociated unsafe materials, hydrogen carbon dioxide (Pb(OH)2 and hydroxyl ions in the solution, lead ions (Pb) positive plate, the lack of electrons on the positive plate. 2. After the lead-acid battery is charged, the negative plate is lead ( Pb), lead (Pb) reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO2) in the electrolyte to form lead ions (Pb+2). Lead ions are transferred to the electrolyte, leaving two remaining electrons on the negative plate (2e ). It can be seen that when it is not connected to an external circuit (open battery), due to chemical use, the positive plate lacks electrons, and the negative plate only has electrons left. There is a potential difference between the two plates, which is the electromotive force of the battery. 2. Lead. The electrochemical reaction process of acid battery discharge: 1. When the lead-acid battery is discharged, under the use of the battery potential difference, the electrons on the negative plate enter the positive plate through the load to form a current I and chemically react with the battery; 2. The negative electrode After each lead atom on the plate emits two electrons, the resulting lead ions (Pb+2) react with the sulfate ions (so4-2) in the electrolyte, and insoluble sulfate (PbSO4) appears on the plate. 3 .The lead ion (Pb+4) on the positive electrode obtains 2 electrons (2e) from the negative electrode to form divalent lead ions (Pb+2), which react with the sulfate ions (so4-2) in the electrolyte. Insoluble sulfate (PbSO4) is formed on the electrode plate. The oxygen ions (O2) hydrolyzed on the positive electrode plate react with hydrogen ions (H+) in the electrolyte to form a stable substance water. 4. Under the use of an electric field, in the electrolyte The sulfate ions and hydrogen ions move to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery respectively to form the current in the battery. 5. When discharging, the concentration of H2SO4 decreases continuously, and the lead sulfate (PbSO2) on the positive and negative electrodes increases, and the internal resistance of the battery increases. (Lead sulfate is not conductive), the concentration of the electrolyte decreases, and the electromotive force of the battery decreases; 6. The chemical reaction formula is: 1. Positive electrode active material, electrolyte, negative electrode active material, positive electrode product, electrolyte product, negative electrode product↓↓↓;PbO2+ H2SO4+Pb→PbSO4+2H2O+PbSO4 Lead oxide, dilute sulfuric acid, lead, lead sulfate, lead sulfate water. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete the previous article: Lithium Residual moisture test of battery pole piece