Advantages and safety hazards of lithium batteries

Advantages of Lithium Batteries Lithium is the lightest metal in nature, and its specific gravity is only 1/2 of that of water, so the mass ratio of lithium batteries is very high. Generally, it is 2 to 3 times that of cadmium-nickel batteries and 1 to 2 times that of hydrogen-nickel batteries. The lithium atom/ion radius is small, the volume is 30% smaller than the hydrogen-nickel battery, and its volume specific energy is also high. Generally, it is twice that of cadmium-nickel batteries and 1.5 times that of hydrogen-nickel batteries. Lithium has the lowest electronegativity, and the standard electrode potential is -3.045V (taking the hydrogen electrode as a reference). Therefore, as long as a suitable cathode material is found, a higher electromotive force can be obtained. At present, its working voltage is 3 to 4 volts, which is three times that of cadmium-nickel and hydrogen-nickel batteries. Unlike most chemical power sources that use aqueous solutions as electrolytes, lithium batteries use organic solvents as electrolytes. Therefore, lithium batteries often have a wide application range, generally 20°C to 60°C, especially suitable for low temperature use. When the aqueous battery is close to 0°C, it is completely scrapped due to the solidification of the electrolyte. Lithium batteries do not contain heavy metal elements (such as Pb in lead-acid batteries) and toxic elements (such as Ge in cadmium-nickel batteries), and will not cause environmental pollution, so they are called green batteries. The lithium battery has a flat discharge voltage, no memory effect, small self-discharge, and long cycle life, which are also its powerful advantages. Potential safety hazards of lithium batteries Safety performance is the focus of lithium batteries, especially lithium-ion power lithium-ion batteries. Compared with lithium metal secondary batteries, lithium batteries have greatly improved safety performance, but there are still many hidden dangers in actual use. Especially the power lithium batteries used in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have large charging and discharging currents and poor heat dissipation conditions, resulting in an increase in the internal temperature of the battery. Studies have proved that: under the conditions of abuse, lithium batteries may reach a high temperature (>700°C) that melts the aluminum current collector, causing the battery to smoke, catch fire and explode, and even cause personal injury. Therefore, research on the safety performance of lithium batteries is very important to the commercialization of Zhangda's lithium batteries and to ensure the safety of personnel during use. This article decomposes the factors that affect the safety performance of lithium batteries from the two aspects of lithium battery materials and manufacturing processes, and further decomposes the key issues of lithium battery pack safety. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: Analysis of the injection method of polymer lithium battery