About the comparison of lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials

Among the cathode materials, the most commonly used materials are lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials (a polymer of nickel, cobalt and manganese). At present, foreign-funded Japanese and Korean companies and other companies that mainly adopt ternary battery materials do lead Chinese companies in overall technology. However, in my country's market applications, lithium iron phosphate batteries have the upper hand relative to ternary battery materials. Last year, the loading capacity of lithium iron phosphate was as high as 20Gwh, accounting for 73%, while the loading capacity of ternary material batteries was only 6.3Gwh, accounting for only 22%. But from the perspective of technology, the controversy about the battery route is still going on. In the future, will lithium iron phosphate or ternary material batteries play the leading role? From the perspective of energy density, ternary batteries do have advantages over lithium iron phosphate. Foreign companies represented by La, Samsung, and LG use ternary materials; and lithium iron phosphate batteries have made great progress in technology in recent years, and they have been able to approach ternary materials batteries in terms of specific energy. Domestic automobile giant BYD uses phosphoric acid. Iron lithium ion material. According to authoritative data, the specific energy of the ternary material battery is 160-200wh/kg, and the lithium iron phosphate battery is 120-150wk/kg. However, some experts said that the specific energy is not absolute, and the specific energy of lithium iron phosphate batteries can also be achieved 160wh/kg, but other data must be compromised. Therefore, the data of power lithium battery is based on market demand. From the cost point of view, it is unintentionally that lithium iron phosphate has an advantage. The raw materials of ternary material batteries require precious metals, and the price is high, and it will be difficult to reduce the price in the future. The relative price of raw materials for lithium iron phosphate batteries is stable, and there will May be greatly reduced. Moreover, ternary materials are mainly supplied by foreign capital, so they are not included in the scope of national subsidies, and the cost is definitely higher than lithium iron phosphate; from the perspective of safety, lithium iron phosphate is also more advantageous. Ternary materials are composed of three types of nickel, cobalt and manganese. They decompose when reaching a certain temperature. Ternary lithium ion materials will decompose at a lower temperature of about 200 degrees, while lithium iron phosphate materials are about 800 degrees. In addition, the chemical reaction of the ternary lithium ion material is more intense, and oxygen molecules will be released, and the electrolyte will burn rapidly under high temperature applications, and a chain reaction will occur. To put it simply, ternary lithium ion materials are more likely to catch fire than lithium iron phosphate materials. But it should be noted that we are talking about materials, not batteries that have become finished products. At the beginning of this year, the country announced the suspension (suspended) use of ternary material battery regulations for passenger cars, indicating that in a short time, the policy level does not allow the use of ternary materials in the field of passenger cars, indicating the country's orientation. However, lithium iron phosphate batteries have a fatal shortcoming, that is, poor low-temperature performance, even if they are nano-sized and carbon coated, this problem has not been solved. Studies have shown that a battery with a capacity of 3500mAh, if it is operated in an environment of -10°C, after less than 100 charge-discharge cycles, the power will decay sharply to 500mAh, which is basically scrapped. This is indeed not a good thing in terms of our country's vast territory and the fact that there are more low temperatures in winter. In addition, the cost of material preparation and the cost of battery manufacturing are relatively high, the battery yield is low, and the consistency is poor, which is also an important reason why many pure electric vehicles cannot reach the nominal value. Therefore, we can see that many domestic new energy vehicles (whether pure electric or hybrid electric), or some relatively cheap new energy vehicles, will choose lithium iron phosphate batteries for different reasons. It can be said that the use of lithium iron phosphate batteries has an indelible foundation for the mass production and promotion of new energy vehicles. So what is the current usage of these two batteries? Let us focus on a set of data. In November last year, the installed capacity of electric buses with lithium iron phosphate batteries accounted for 64.9%, and the installed capacity of ternary lithium-ion batteries was only 27.6%. On the contrary, in the pure electric passenger car market, the installed capacity of ternary lithium-ion batteries in November last year exceeded 76%. In the past two years, the production and sales of commercial vehicles, including buses, have grown faster than passenger vehicles. This also explains the important reason why the country puts safety in the first place. However, as the technology matures, passenger cars The future market space for cars is still very large. Disclaimer: Some pictures and content of the articles published on this site are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete. Previous: The basic concept of lithium-ion batteries for power electric vehicles